الفرق بين المراجعتين لصفحة: «القرآن والحديث والعلماء: العلماء على الجهاد»

القرآن والحديث والعلماء: العلماء على الجهاد (عرض المصدر)

مراجعة ٠٥:٥٦، ١٥ يناير ٢٠٢٣

أُضيف ١٬٩٣٥ بايت ، ١٥ يناير ٢٠٢٣

←‏Ibn Kathir

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 <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kathir Ismail ibn Kathir]</span> (1301-1373) was an Islamic scholar and renowned commentator on the Qur'an. Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim, popularly  known as "Tafsir ibn Kathir", remains as one of the most respected and widely used qur'anic commentaries available.
-{{Quote||'''''The Order to Fight the Poeple of the Scriptures until They Give the Jizya''''<BR><BR>
+{{Quote|تفسير ابن كثير على سورة التوبة آية 29|قَالَ: ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلا بِالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَلا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ﴾ فَهُمْ فِي نَفْسِ الْأَمْرِ لَمَّا كَفَرُوا بِمُحَمَّدٍ صلى الله عليه وسلم(١١) لَمْ يَبْقَ لَهُمْ إِيمَانٌ صَحِيحٌ بِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ، وَلَا بِمَا جَاءُوا بِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا يَتَّبِعُونَ آرَاءَهُمْ وَأَهْوَاءَهُمْ وَآبَاءَهُمْ فِيمَا هُمْ فِيهِ، لَا لِأَنَّهُ شَرْعُ اللَّهِ وَدِينُهُ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ لَوْ كَانُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ بِمَا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ إِيمَانًا صَحِيحًا لَقَادَهُمْ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْإِيمَانِ بِمُحَمَّدٍ، صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ، لِأَنَّ جَمِيعَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ [الْأَقْدَمِينَ](١٢) بَشَّرُوا بِهِ، وَأَمَرُوا بِاتِّبَاعِهِ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ وَكَفَرُوا(١٣) بِهِ، وَهُوَ أَشْرَفُ الرُّسُلِ، عُلِم أَنَّهُمْ لَيْسُوا مُتَمَسِّكِينَ بِشَرْعِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ الْأَقْدَمِينَ لِأَنَّهُ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ، بَلْ لِحُظُوظِهِمْ وَأَهْوَائِهِمْ، فَلِهَذَا لَا يَنْفَعُهُمْ إِيمَانُهُمْ بِبَقِيَّةِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، وَقَدْ كَفَرُوا بِسَيِّدِهِمْ وَأَفْضَلِهِمْ وَخَاتَمِهِمْ وَأَكْمَلِهِمْ؛ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ: ﴿قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلا بِالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَلا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ﴾ وَهَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الْكَرِيمَةُ [نَزَلَتْ](١٤) أَوَّلَ الْأَمْرِ بِقِتَالِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، بَعْدَ مَا تَمَهَّدَتْ أُمُورُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَدَخَلَ النَّاسُ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ أَفْوَاجًا، فَلَمَّا اسْتَقَامَتْ(١٥) جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَبِ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ بِقِتَالِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابَيْنِ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ؛ وَلِهَذَا تَجَهَّزَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لِقِتَالِ الرُّومِ وَدَعَا النَّاسَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، وَأَظْهَرَهُ لَهُمْ، وَبَعَثَ إِلَى أَحْيَاءِ الْعَرَبِ حَوْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَنَدَبَهُمْ، فَأَوْعَبوا مَعَهُ، وَاجْتَمَعَ مِنَ الْمُقَاتِلَةِ(١٦) نَحْوٌ [مِنْ](١٧) ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا، وَتَخَلَّفَ بعضُ النَّاسِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي عَامِ جَدْب، وَوَقْتِ قَيْظ وَحَرٍّ، وَخَرَجَ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، يُرِيدُ الشَّامَ لِقِتَالِ الرُّومِ، فَبَلَغَ تَبُوكَ، فَنَزَلَ بِهَا وَأَقَامَ عَلَى مَائِهَا(١٨) قَرِيبًا مِنْ عِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا، ثُمَّ اسْتَخَارَ اللَّهَ فِي الرُّجُوعِ، فَرَجَعَ عَامَهُ ذَلِكَ لِضِيقِ الْحَالِ وَضَعْفِ النَّاسِ، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَيَانُهُ بَعْدُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.}}
-Allah said, ''"Fight against those who believe not in Allah, nor in the Last Day, nor forbid that which has been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, and those who acknowledge not the religion of truth among the People of the Scripture, until they pay the Jizyah with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued."'' Therefore when the People of the Scripture disbelieved in Muhammad, they had no beneficial faith in any Messenger or what the Messengers brought. Rather they followed their religions because this conformed with their ideas, lusts, and the ways of their forefathers, not because they are Allah's laws and religion. Had they been true believers in their religions, that faith would have directed them to believe in Muhammad because all Prophets gave the good news of Muhammad's advent and commanded them to obey and follow him. Yet when he was sent, they disbelieved in him, even though he is the mightiest of all Messengers. Therefore, they do not follow the religion or earlier Prophets because these religions came from Allah, but because these suit their desires and lusts. Therefore, their claimed faith in an earlier Prophet will not benefit them because they disbelieved in the master, the mightiest, the last and most perfect of all Prophets. Hence Allah's statement, ''"Fight against those who believe not in Allah, nor in the Last Day, nor forbid that which has been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, and those who acknowledge not the religion of truth among the People of the Scripture.''"<BR><BR>This honorable Ayah was revealed with the order to fight the People of the Book, after the pagans were defeated, the people entered Allah's region in large numbers, and the Arabian Peninsula was secured under the Muslims' control. Allah commanded His Messenger to fight the People of the Scriptures, Jews and Christians, on the ninth year of Hijrah, and he prepared his army to fight the Romans and called the people to ''Jihad'' announcing his intent and destination. The Messenger sent his intent to various Arab areas around Al-Madinah to gather forces, and he collected an army of thirty thousand. Some people from Al-Madinah and some hypocrites, in and around it, lagged behind, for that was a year of drought and intense hear. The Messenger of Allah marched, heading towards Ash-Sham to fight the Romans until he reached Tabuk, where he set camp for about twenty days next to its water resources. He then prayed to Allah for a decision and went back to Al-Madinah because it was a hard year and the people were weak, as we will mention, Allah willing.<ref>Ibn Kathir, ''Tafsir Ibn Kathir'' (Riyadh, 2000), vol. 4, pp. 404-406.</ref>}}
 ====Al-Misri====

الفرق بين المراجعتين لصفحة: «القرآن والحديث والعلماء: العلماء على الجهاد»

القرآن والحديث والعلماء: العلماء على الجهاد (عرض المصدر)

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