الفرق بين المراجعتين لصفحة: «القرآن والحديث والعلماء: علم الكونيات»

القرآن والحديث والعلماء: علم الكونيات (عرض المصدر)

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-<big>لا توجد صورة كاملة لنشأة الكون الإسلامية في القرآن ، ومع ذلك ، من التفاصيل المقدمة يبدو أن كاتب (أو كتّاب) القرآن قد تصور الأرض مسطحة (انظر [[وجهات النظر الإسلامية على شكل الأرض]]). كما يرسم القرآن صورة للكون يدور فيه كل من الشمس والقمر حول الأرض. ويضيف الحديث إلى الصورة تفصيلاً أنه عندما لا يكون ظاهرًا فإنهم يسجدون لله. علاوة على ذلك ، يضيف المفاصرون إلى الصورة الحوت الإسلامي ، وهو الحوت الأسطوري العملاق الذي ترتكز عليه الأرض ككل. تُصوَّر النجوم على أنها بالحجم الذي تظهر به تقريبًا ، وأيضًا أنها قابلة للإخراج من السماء من قبل الله ، وجميع الكتب الإسلامية تظهر الآن معرفة واضحة بالسعة الفعلية للكون مقابل الأرض.</big>
 ==القرآن==
 {{Quote|{{القرآن|2|258}}|أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِى حَآجَّ إِبْرَٰهِۦمَ فِى رَبِّهِۦٓ أَنْ ءَاتَىٰهُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْمُلْكَ إِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَٰهِۦمُ رَبِّىَ ٱلَّذِى يُحْىِۦ وَيُمِيتُ قَالَ أَنَا۠ أُحْىِۦ وَأُمِيتُ ۖ قَالَ إِبْرَٰهِۦمُ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَأْتِى بِٱلشَّمْسِ مِنَ ٱلْمَشْرِقِ فَأْتِ بِهَا مِنَ ٱلْمَغْرِبِ فَبُهِتَ ٱلَّذِى كَفَرَ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِى ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ
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 {{Quote|https://web.archive.org/web/20161217103350/http://hadith.al-islam.com/Loader.aspx?pageid&#61;237&Words&#61;%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3&Type&#61;phrase&Level&#61;exact&ID&#61;401345&Return&#61;http%3a%2f%2fhadith.al-islam.com%2fPortals%2fal-islam_com%2floader.aspx%3fpageid%3d236%26Words%3d%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3%25|حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ أَخْبَرَنَا الْعَوَّامُ حَدَّثَنِي مَوْلًى لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ قَالَ  رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الشَّمْسَ حِينَ غَرَبَتْ فَقَالَ فِي نَارِ اللَّهِ الْحَامِيَةِ لَوْلَا مَا يَزَعُهَا مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ لَأَهْلَكَتْ مَا عَلَى الْأَرْضِ}}
-==العلماء==
+==أقوال العلماء==
 ===ابن كثير===
-{{Quote|1=[http://quran.al-islam.com/Tafseer/DispTafsser.asp?l=arb&taf=KATHEER&nType=1&nSora=68&nAya=1 Tafsir Ibn-Kathir]|2=It was said that '''Nun refers to a great whale''' that rides on the currents of the waters of the great ocean and '''on its back it carries the severn Earths''', as was stated by Imam Abu Jafar Ibn Jarir. Narrated by Ibn Bashar, narrated by Yahya, narrated by Sufyan Al-Thuri, narrated by Sulayman Al-Amash, narrated by Abu Thubian, narrated by Ibn Abbas who related, "The first thing that Allah created was the pen and He said to it ‘Write’. The pen asked, ‘What shall I write?’ Allah said, ‘Write (the) fate (of everything).’ So the pen wrote everything that shall be from that moment until judgment day.
-Then Allah created the "Nun" and He caused steam to rise out of which the heavens were created '''and the Earth was then laid flat on nun’s back'''. Then the Nun became nervous and (as a result) the earth began to sway, but '''(Allah) fastened (the earth) with mountains lest the earth should move''' ...
-It was narrated by Ibn Jarir, narrated by Ibn Hamid, narrated by Ata’a, narrated by Abu Al-Dahee, narrated by Ibn Abbas who stated, "The first thing my Lord created, may He be Exalted and Glorified, was the pen and He said to it, ‘Write.’ So the pen wrote all that will be until judgment day. Then Allah created the Nun (the whale) above the waters and '''he pressed the Earth into its back'''.
-Al Tabarani narrated the same hadith above (from the prophet Muhammad) who narrated from Abu Habib Zaid Al-Mahdi Al Marouzi, narrated by Sa’id Ibn Yaqub Al-Talqani, narrated by Mu’amal Ibn Ismail, narrated by Hamad Ibn Zaid, narrated by Ata’a Ibn Al Sa’ib, narrated by Abu Al Dahee Muslim Ibn Subaih, narrated by Ibn Abbas who stated that the prophet – may peace and blessing be upon him and his family - said, "The first things Allah created were the pen and the whale and He said to the pen ‘Write.’ The pen asked, ‘What shall I write?’ Allah replied, ‘Everything that shall be until judgment day.’ Then He said ‘Nun. By the Pen and by what they write.’ So Nun is the whale and al-Qalam is the pen" ...
-Ibn Abu Nujaih stated that Ibrahim Ibn Abu Bakir was informed by Mujahid who said, "It was said that Nun is '''the great whale who is underneath the seven Earths'''." Furthermore, Al-Baghawy – may Allah rest his soul - and a group of commentators stated that on the back of this whale there is a great rock whose thickness is greater than the width of the heavens and the earth and '''above this rock is a bull that has forty thousand horns. On the body of this bull are placed the seven earths and all that they contain''', and Allah knows best.}}
-{{Quote|{{cite web|url=http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2321&Itemid=68  |title=Interpretation of Qur'an 13:2 |publisher= |author=Ibn Kathir |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|Allah mentions His perfect ability and infinite authority, since it is He Who has raised the heavens without pillars by His permission and order. He, by His leave, order and power, has '''elevated the heavens high above the earth,''' distant and far away from reach. The heaven nearest to the present world encompasses the earth from all directions, and is also high above it from every direction. '''The distance between the first heaven and the earth is five hundred years from every direction, and its thickness is also five hundred years. The second heaven surrounds the first heaven from every direction, encompassing everything that the latter carries, with a thickness also of five hundred years and a distance between them of five hundred years. The same is also true about the third, the fourth, the fifth, the sixth and the seventh heavens.''' Allah said, (It is Allah who has created seven heavens and of the earth the like thereof.) ﴿65:12 ﴾ Allah said next, (..without any pillars that you can see.) meaning, '''`there are pillars, but you cannot see them,`''' according to Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, and several other scholars. Iyas bin Mu`awiyah said, "The heaven is like a dome over the earth," meaning, without pillars. Similar was reported from Qatadah, and this meaning is better for this part of the Ayah. }}
-{{Quote|{{cite web|url=http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1487 |title=Interpretation of Qur'an 36:38 |publisher= |author=Ibn Kathir |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|(And the sun runs on its fixed course for a term (appointed). That is the decree of the Almighty, the All-Knowing) There are two views over the meaning of the phrase (on its fixed course for a term (appointed). ) (The first view) is that it refers to its fixed course of location, which is beneath the Throne, beyond the earth in that direction. Wherever it goes, it is beneath the Throne, it and all of creation, because '''the Throne is the roof of creation''' and it is not a sphere as many astronomers claim. Rather '''it is a dome supported by legs or pillars, carried by the angels, and it is above the universe, above the heads of people. When the sun is at its zenith at noon, it is in its closest position to Throne, and when it runs in its fourth orbit at the opposite point to its zenith, at midnight, it is in its furthest position from the Throne. At that point it prostrates and asks for permission to rise,''' as mentioned in the Hadiths....
-The second view is that this refers to when '''the sun's appointed time comes to an end, which will be on the Day of Resurrection,''' when its fixed course will be abolished, '''it will come to a halt and it will be rolled up.''' This world will come to an end, and that will be the end of its appointed time. This is the fixed course of its time. Qatadah said: (on its fixed course for a term (appointed).) means, "It has an appointed time and it will not go beyond that. It was also said that this means, '''it keeps moving in its summer orbit for a certain time, and it does not exceed that, then it moves to its winter orbit for a certain time, and it does not exceed that.''' This was narrated from `Abdullah bin `Amr, may Allah be pleased with him. Ibn Mas`ud and Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them, recited this Ayah as: (And the sun runs with no fixed course for a term,) meaning that '''it has no destination and it does not settle in one place, rather it keeps moving night and day,''' never slowing down or stopping, as in the Ayah: (And He has made the sun and the moon, both constantly pursuing their courses, to be of service to you) (14:33). which means, they will never slow down or stop, until the Day of Resurrection. }}
-{{Quote|{{cite web|url=http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1487 |title=Interpretation of Qur'an 36:39 |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|(And the moon, We have decreed for it stages,) meaning, `We have caused it to run in a different orbit, from which passing of the months can be deduced, just as night and day are known from the sun.' ...
-So, He has given the sun its own light, and the moon its (reflection of) light, and has given each its own orbit. '''So the sun rises each day and sets at the end of the day, giving one kind of light all the time, but it moves,''' rising and setting at different points in the summer and winter, thus making the days and nights longer or shorter alternatively according to the season. Its authority is in the daytime, for it is the heavenly body that dominates the day. As for the moon, '''Allah has decreed that it should pass through different phases. At the beginning of the month, the moon appears small when it rises.'''
-(It is not for the sun to overtake the moon,) Mujahid said, "Each of them has a limit which it does not transgress or fall short of. When the time of one comes, the other goes away, and when the time for one to prevail comes, the time of the other ceases. `Ikrimah said concerning the Ayah, (It is not for the sun to overtake the moon,) this means that each of them has its time when it prevails. So it is not appropriate for the sun to rise at night.
-(nor does the night outstrip the day.) means, '''after night has passed, it is not right for another night to come until it has been day.''' The authority of the sun is during the day and the authority of the moon is at night. Ad-Dahhak said, "The night does not depart from here until the day comes from here -- and he pointed to the east." Mujahid said: (nor does the night outstrip the day.) "They seek one another rapidly." The meaning is that '''there is no gap between night and day; each of them follows the other with no interval, because they have been subjugated and are both constantly pursuing one another.'''
-(They all float, each in an orbit.) means, '''night and day, the sun and the moon, all of them are floating, i.e., revolving, in their orbits in the heaven.''' This was the view of Ibn `Abbas, `Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and `Ata' Al-Khurasani. Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, and others among the Salaf said, '''"In an orbit like the arc of a spinning wheel."'''}}
-{{Quote|{{cite web|url=http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2028&Itemid=103 |title=Interpretation of Qur'an 47:22 |publisher= |author=Ibn Kathir |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|Many authentic and sound Hadiths have been reported through numerous routes of transmission from Allah's Messenger in this regard. Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that Allah's Messenger said:
-'''"After Allah completed creating the creation, the womb stood up and pulled at the lower garment of the most merciful.''' He said, 'Stop that!' It replied, 'My stand here is the stand of one seeking refuge in you from severance of ties.' Allah said, 'Would it not please you that I join whoever joins you and sever whoever severs you' It replied, ‘Yes indeed!’ He said, ‘You are granted that!’" Abu Hurayrah then added, "Read if you wish..."
-....
-Imam Ahmad recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr that Allah's Messenger said: '''"Verily, the womb is attached to the Throne. And connecting its ties does not mean dealing evenly (with the kinsfolk), but it rather means that if one's kinsfolk sever the ties, he connects them."''' This Hadith was also recorded by Al-Bukhari. Ahmad also recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr, may Allah be pleased with him, that Allah's Messenger said:
-'''"The womb will be placed on the Day of Resurrection, curved like a spinning wheel, speaking with an eloquent fluent tongue, calling to severing whoever had severed it, and joining whoever had joined it."''' Imam Ahmad recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr, may Allah be pleased with him, that Allah's Messenger said:
-"The merciful ones will be granted mercy from the Most Merciful. Have mercy on those on earth -- the One above the heavens will then have mercy on you. And Ar-Rahim (the womb) is from Ar-Rahman, so whoever joins it, it joins him; and whoever severs it, it severs him." Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi both recorded this Hadith and it has been reported with continuous chains of transmission. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih." There are numerous other Hadiths in this regard.}}
 ===الطبري===
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 ===ابن عباس===
-{{Quote|{{cite web|url=http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=68&tAyahNo=1&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 |title=Al Qalam Verse 1 |publisher= |author=Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn 'Abbas |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying (Nun): '(Nun) He says: '''Allah swears by the Nun, which is the whale that carries the earths on its back while in Water, and beneath which is the Bull and under the Bull is the Rock and under the Rock is the Dust and none knows what is under the Dust save Allah.''' The name of the whale is Liwash, and it is said its name is Lutiaya'; the name of the bull is Bahamut, and some say its name is Talhut or Liyona. The whale is in a sea called 'Adwad, and it is like a small bull in a huge sea. The sea is in a hollowed rock whereby there is 4,000 cracks, and from each crack water springs out to the earth. It is also said that Nun is one of the names of the Lord; it stands for the letter Nun in Allah's name al-Rahman (the Beneficent); and it is also said that a Nun is an inkwell. (By the pen) '''Allah swore by the pen. This pen is made of light and its height is equal to the distance between Heaven and earth.''' It is with this pen that the Wise Remembrance, i.e. the Guarded Tablet, was written. It is also said that the pen is one of the angels by whom Allah has sworn, (and that which they write (therewith)) and Allah also swore by what the angels write down of the works of the children of Adam...}}
 ===القرطبي===
-{{Quote|''Tafsir Al Qurtubi.'' Meaning of Sura 68 Aya 1. |Narrated by Al-Walid Ibn Muslim, narrated by Malik Ibn Ans, narrated by Sumay son of Abu Bakir, narrated by Abu Salih Al-Samaan, narrated by Abu Hurayrah who related that he heard the prophet - peace be upon him – say, "The first thing Allah created was the pen, then He created the ‘Nun’ which is an inkwell. This is what Allah stated (in sura 68:1) ‘Nun and the Pen.’ And He said to it, ‘Write’. So the pen wrote all that will be until judgment day. '''Then Allah created the Nun (the whale) above the waters and he pressed the earth into its back.''' He (Allah) then said to the pen ‘Write.’ The pen asked ‘What shall I write?’ Allah replied, ‘Write what was and what will be until judgment day; whether deed, reward, consequence and punishment- until judgment day.’ Thus the pen wrote what shall be until judgment day. Allah then placed a seal over the pen and it will not talk until judgment day. Then Allah created the mind and said, ‘By my Glory, I will establish you in those whom you love and I will take you away from those whom you despise.’"
-Mujahid related that '''‘Nun’ is the whale that is underneath the seventh earth.''' He stated that the ‘Pen’ is what was used to write ‘Al-Thikir’ (The Remembrance - Quran). Likewise, it was also narrated by Mukatil, Murrah Al-Hamdani, Ata’ Al-Kharasani, Al Suddi and Al-Kalbi who all said, '''"Nun is the whale upon which all the earths are placed."'''
-Narrated by Abu Thabyan, narrated by Ibn Abbas who said, "The first thing that Allah created was the Pen which wrote all that shall be. Then water vapor began to rise, out of which the heavens were created. '''Then (Allah) created Nun (the whale) and flattened the earth on its back. When the earth began to lean, it was reinforced with mountains, which are on its surface."''' Then Ibn Abbas read the verse (Sura 68:1) ‘Nun and the Pen.’
-Al-Kalbi and Mukatil stated that the name (of the whale) is ‘Al-Bahmout.’ Al-Rajis said, "Why do I see you all silent and the Lord my God created Al-Bahmout?"
-Abu Yakthan and Al-Waqidi stated that the name (of the whale) is ‘Leotha’; Whereas Kab stated that its name is ‘Lo-tho-tha’ or ‘Bil-Ha-motha.’ Kab said, "Satan crept up to the whale, on whom the seven earths are placed, and whispered into its heart saying, ‘Do you realize what is on your back, Oh Lo-tho-tha of beasts and plants and humans and others? If you are annoyed with them, you can throw them all off your back.’ So Lo-tho-tha intended to do what was suggested (by Satan) but Allah sent the whale a reptile that crawled through into its blowhole and reached its brain. The whale then cried to Allah –may He be glorified and honored – and He gave permission for the reptile to exit (the whale)." Kab continued and said, "By Allah, the whale stares at the reptile and the reptile stares at the whale, and if the whale intends to do (what Satan suggested) the reptile would return to the place it was before." }}
 ===الكسائي===

الفرق بين المراجعتين لصفحة: «القرآن والحديث والعلماء: علم الكونيات»

القرآن والحديث والعلماء: علم الكونيات (عرض المصدر)

مراجعة ١٦:٥٥، ٢ سبتمبر ٢٠٢٢

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