الفرق بين المراجعتين لصفحة: «القرآن والحديث والعلماء: العنصرية»

[مراجعة منقحة][مراجعة منقحة]
سطر ٢١: سطر ٢١:
Unfortunately as we shall see in the following sections, such sentiments are somewhat undermined by some other sahih hadiths where we find prejudice against some Arab groups, and black people are used as negative imagery. In addition, many classical and modern Islamic scholars of high repute are guilty of promoting explicitly racist attitudes.
Unfortunately as we shall see in the following sections, such sentiments are somewhat undermined by some other sahih hadiths where we find prejudice against some Arab groups, and black people are used as negative imagery. In addition, many classical and modern Islamic scholars of high repute are guilty of promoting explicitly racist attitudes.


==Race and Tribe in scripture==
==العنصر والقبيلة في التقليد الإسلامي==


===In the Quran===
===في القرآن===


====The purpose of race and tribe====
====لماذا خلق الله الإنسان قبيلة وقوما====
{{Quote|{{quran|49|13}}|O mankind! Lo! We have created you male and female, and have '''made you nations and tribes that ye may know one another'''. Lo! the noblest of you, in the sight of Allah, is the best in conduct. Lo! Allah is Knower, Aware.}}
{{Quote|{{quran|49|13}}|O mankind! Lo! We have created you male and female, and have '''made you nations and tribes that ye may know one another'''. Lo! the noblest of you, in the sight of Allah, is the best in conduct. Lo! Allah is Knower, Aware.}}


====Chosen lineages====
====النسل المختار====
{{Quote|{{quran-range|3|33|34}}|'''God had chosen [''istafa''; lit. "taken 'the best' from"<ref>[http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h619,ll=1750,ls=h5,la=h2468,sg=h604,ha=h412,br=h554,pr=h93,aan=h337,mgf=h517,vi=h225,kz=h1360,mr=h364,mn=h783,uqw=h934,umr=h614,ums=h516,umj=h459,ulq=h1085,uqa=h249,uqq=h195,bdw=h524,amr=h371,asb=h550,auh=h897,dhq=h318,mht=h517,msb=h138,tla=h65,amj=h450,ens=h893,mis=h1231 Lane's Lexicon اصطفاه]</ref>]''' Adam and Noah and '''the families of Abraham and 'Imran in preference to others.''' They were '''descendants of one another'''; and God hears all and knows everything.}}
{{Quote|{{quran-range|3|33|34}}|'''God had chosen [''istafa''; lit. "taken 'the best' from"<ref>[http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h619,ll=1750,ls=h5,la=h2468,sg=h604,ha=h412,br=h554,pr=h93,aan=h337,mgf=h517,vi=h225,kz=h1360,mr=h364,mn=h783,uqw=h934,umr=h614,ums=h516,umj=h459,ulq=h1085,uqa=h249,uqq=h195,bdw=h524,amr=h371,asb=h550,auh=h897,dhq=h318,mht=h517,msb=h138,tla=h65,amj=h450,ens=h893,mis=h1231 Lane's Lexicon اصطفاه]</ref>]''' Adam and Noah and '''the families of Abraham and 'Imran in preference to others.''' They were '''descendants of one another'''; and God hears all and knows everything.}}


====Bedouins====
====البدو====
{{Quote|{{Quran|9|97}}|The Arabs of the desert '''[''al-a'raab''<ref>See [http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h715,ll=2082,ls=h5,la=h2863,sg=h701,ha=h473,br=h634,pr=h104,aan=h407,mgf=h593,vi=h257,kz=h1608,mr=h420,mn=h911,uqw=h1064,umr=h711,ums=h591,umj=h524,ulq=h1202,uqa=h286,uqq=h237,bdw=h587,amr=h425,asb=h640,auh=h1033,dhq=h365,mht=h591,msb=h159,tla=h70,amj=h516,ens=h28,mis=h1439 Lane's Lexicon الأعراب] and [http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h72,ll=208,ls=h5,la=h234,sg=h131,ha=h44,br=h107,pr=h23,aan=h63,mgf=h92,vi=h71,kz=h109,mr=h68,mn=h67,uqw=h158,umr=h97,ums=h74,umj=h63,ulq=h363,uqa=h48,uqq=h25,bdw=h77,amr=h50,asb=h50,auh=h165,dhq=h46,mht=h37,msb=h23,tla=h28,amj=h51,ens=h28,mis=h83 Lane's Lexicon بدوي]</ref>; the Bedouins] are the worst in Unbelief and hypocrisy, and most fitted to be in ignorance''' of the command which Allah hath sent down to His Messenger: But Allah is All-knowing, All-Wise.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|49|14}}|The desert Arabs '''[''al-a'raab''<ref>See [http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h715,ll=2082,ls=h5,la=h2863,sg=h701,ha=h473,br=h634,pr=h104,aan=h407,mgf=h593,vi=h257,kz=h1608,mr=h420,mn=h911,uqw=h1064,umr=h711,ums=h591,umj=h524,ulq=h1202,uqa=h286,uqq=h237,bdw=h587,amr=h425,asb=h640,auh=h1033,dhq=h365,mht=h591,msb=h159,tla=h70,amj=h516,ens=h28,mis=h1439 Lane's Lexicon الأعراب] and [http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h72,ll=208,ls=h5,la=h234,sg=h131,ha=h44,br=h107,pr=h23,aan=h63,mgf=h92,vi=h71,kz=h109,mr=h68,mn=h67,uqw=h158,umr=h97,ums=h74,umj=h63,ulq=h363,uqa=h48,uqq=h25,bdw=h77,amr=h50,asb=h50,auh=h165,dhq=h46,mht=h37,msb=h23,tla=h28,amj=h51,ens=h28,mis=h83 Lane's Lexicon بدوي]</ref>; the Bedouins] say, "We believe." Say, "Ye have no faith; but ye (only) say, 'We have submitted our wills to Allah,' For not yet has Faith entered your hearts.''' But if ye obey Allah and His Messenger, He will not belittle aught of your deeds: for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful."}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|9|97}}|The Arabs of the desert '''[''al-a'raab''<ref>See [http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h715,ll=2082,ls=h5,la=h2863,sg=h701,ha=h473,br=h634,pr=h104,aan=h407,mgf=h593,vi=h257,kz=h1608,mr=h420,mn=h911,uqw=h1064,umr=h711,ums=h591,umj=h524,ulq=h1202,uqa=h286,uqq=h237,bdw=h587,amr=h425,asb=h640,auh=h1033,dhq=h365,mht=h591,msb=h159,tla=h70,amj=h516,ens=h28,mis=h1439 Lane's Lexicon الأعراب] and [http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h72,ll=208,ls=h5,la=h234,sg=h131,ha=h44,br=h107,pr=h23,aan=h63,mgf=h92,vi=h71,kz=h109,mr=h68,mn=h67,uqw=h158,umr=h97,ums=h74,umj=h63,ulq=h363,uqa=h48,uqq=h25,bdw=h77,amr=h50,asb=h50,auh=h165,dhq=h46,mht=h37,msb=h23,tla=h28,amj=h51,ens=h28,mis=h83 Lane's Lexicon بدوي]</ref>; the Bedouins] are the worst in Unbelief and hypocrisy, and most fitted to be in ignorance''' of the command which Allah hath sent down to His Messenger: But Allah is All-knowing, All-Wise.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|49|14}}|The desert Arabs '''[''al-a'raab''<ref>See [http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h715,ll=2082,ls=h5,la=h2863,sg=h701,ha=h473,br=h634,pr=h104,aan=h407,mgf=h593,vi=h257,kz=h1608,mr=h420,mn=h911,uqw=h1064,umr=h711,ums=h591,umj=h524,ulq=h1202,uqa=h286,uqq=h237,bdw=h587,amr=h425,asb=h640,auh=h1033,dhq=h365,mht=h591,msb=h159,tla=h70,amj=h516,ens=h28,mis=h1439 Lane's Lexicon الأعراب] and [http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h72,ll=208,ls=h5,la=h234,sg=h131,ha=h44,br=h107,pr=h23,aan=h63,mgf=h92,vi=h71,kz=h109,mr=h68,mn=h67,uqw=h158,umr=h97,ums=h74,umj=h63,ulq=h363,uqa=h48,uqq=h25,bdw=h77,amr=h50,asb=h50,auh=h165,dhq=h46,mht=h37,msb=h23,tla=h28,amj=h51,ens=h28,mis=h83 Lane's Lexicon بدوي]</ref>; the Bedouins] say, "We believe." Say, "Ye have no faith; but ye (only) say, 'We have submitted our wills to Allah,' For not yet has Faith entered your hearts.''' But if ye obey Allah and His Messenger, He will not belittle aught of your deeds: for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful."}}


====Jews====
====اليهود====
{{Main|Antisemitism in Islam#The Qur'an}}{{Quote|{{quran|2|47}}|Remember, O children of Israel, the favours I bestowed on you, and '''made you exalted among the nations of the world'''.}}{{Quote|{{quran|2|65}}|And well ye knew those amongst you who transgressed in the matter of the Sabbath: '''We said to them: "Be ye apes, despised and rejected."'''}}{{Quote|{{quran|5|60}}|Say: "Shall I point out to you something much worse than this, (as judged) by the treatment it received from Allah? '''those who incurred the curse of Allah and His wrath, those of whom some He transformed into apes and swine, those who worshipped evil;- these are (many times) worse in rank''', and far more astray from the even path!"}}{{Quote|{{quran-range|2|87|91}}|We gave Moses the Book and followed him up with a succession of messengers; We gave Jesus the son of Mary Clear (Signs) and strengthened him with the holy spirit. Is it that whenever there comes to you a messenger with what ye yourselves desire not, '''ye are puffed up with pride'''?- Some ye called impostors, and others ye slay! They say, "Our hearts are the wrappings (which preserve Allah's Word: we need no more)." Nay, '''Allah's curse is on them for their blasphemy [''kufrihim''; lit. "their unbelief"]''': Little is it they believe. And when there comes to them a Book from Allah, confirming what is with them,- although from of old they had prayed for victory against those without Faith,- when there comes to them that which they (should) have recognised, they refuse to believe in it but '''the curse of Allah is on those without Faith. Miserable is the price for which they have sold their souls''', in that they deny (the revelation) which Allah has sent down, '''in insolent envy''' that Allah of His Grace should send it to any of His servants He pleases: Thus have '''they drawn on themselves Wrath upon Wrath. And humiliating is the punishment of those who reject Faith.''' When it is said to them, "Believe in what Allah Hath sent down, "they say, "We believe in what was sent down to us:" yet '''they reject all besides, even if it be Truth''' confirming what is with them. Say: "Why then have ye slain the prophets of Allah in times gone by, if ye did indeed believe?"}}{{Quote|{{quran|5|13}}|When they dishonoured their pledge We condemned them, and hardened their hearts. So they distort the words of the Scripture out of context, and have forgotten some of what they were warned against. '''You will always hear of treachery on their part except that of a few.''' But forbear and forgive them, for God loves those who do good.}}{{Quote|{{quran-range|5|41|42}}|O Messenger! let not those grieve thee, who race each other into unbelief: (whether it be) among those who say "We believe" with their lips but whose hearts have no faith; or it be among '''the Jews,- men who will listen to any lie''',- will listen even to others who have never so much as come to thee. They change the words from their (right) times and places: they say, "If ye are given this, take it, but if not, beware!" If any one's trial is intended by Allah, thou hast no authority in the least for him against Allah. For such - it is not Allah's will to purify their hearts. For them there is disgrace in this world, and in the Hereafter a heavy punishment. '''(They are fond of) listening to falsehood, of devouring anything forbidden [trans. Ahmad Ali: "Eavesdropping for telling lies, earning through unlawful means!"].''' If they do come to thee, either judge between them, or decline to interfere. If thou decline, they cannot hurt thee in the least. If thou judge, judge in equity between them. For Allah loveth those who judge in equity.}}
{{Main|Antisemitism in Islam#The Qur'an}}{{Quote|{{quran|2|47}}|Remember, O children of Israel, the favours I bestowed on you, and '''made you exalted among the nations of the world'''.}}{{Quote|{{quran|2|65}}|And well ye knew those amongst you who transgressed in the matter of the Sabbath: '''We said to them: "Be ye apes, despised and rejected."'''}}{{Quote|{{quran|5|60}}|Say: "Shall I point out to you something much worse than this, (as judged) by the treatment it received from Allah? '''those who incurred the curse of Allah and His wrath, those of whom some He transformed into apes and swine, those who worshipped evil;- these are (many times) worse in rank''', and far more astray from the even path!"}}{{Quote|{{quran-range|2|87|91}}|We gave Moses the Book and followed him up with a succession of messengers; We gave Jesus the son of Mary Clear (Signs) and strengthened him with the holy spirit. Is it that whenever there comes to you a messenger with what ye yourselves desire not, '''ye are puffed up with pride'''?- Some ye called impostors, and others ye slay! They say, "Our hearts are the wrappings (which preserve Allah's Word: we need no more)." Nay, '''Allah's curse is on them for their blasphemy [''kufrihim''; lit. "their unbelief"]''': Little is it they believe. And when there comes to them a Book from Allah, confirming what is with them,- although from of old they had prayed for victory against those without Faith,- when there comes to them that which they (should) have recognised, they refuse to believe in it but '''the curse of Allah is on those without Faith. Miserable is the price for which they have sold their souls''', in that they deny (the revelation) which Allah has sent down, '''in insolent envy''' that Allah of His Grace should send it to any of His servants He pleases: Thus have '''they drawn on themselves Wrath upon Wrath. And humiliating is the punishment of those who reject Faith.''' When it is said to them, "Believe in what Allah Hath sent down, "they say, "We believe in what was sent down to us:" yet '''they reject all besides, even if it be Truth''' confirming what is with them. Say: "Why then have ye slain the prophets of Allah in times gone by, if ye did indeed believe?"}}{{Quote|{{quran|5|13}}|When they dishonoured their pledge We condemned them, and hardened their hearts. So they distort the words of the Scripture out of context, and have forgotten some of what they were warned against. '''You will always hear of treachery on their part except that of a few.''' But forbear and forgive them, for God loves those who do good.}}{{Quote|{{quran-range|5|41|42}}|O Messenger! let not those grieve thee, who race each other into unbelief: (whether it be) among those who say "We believe" with their lips but whose hearts have no faith; or it be among '''the Jews,- men who will listen to any lie''',- will listen even to others who have never so much as come to thee. They change the words from their (right) times and places: they say, "If ye are given this, take it, but if not, beware!" If any one's trial is intended by Allah, thou hast no authority in the least for him against Allah. For such - it is not Allah's will to purify their hearts. For them there is disgrace in this world, and in the Hereafter a heavy punishment. '''(They are fond of) listening to falsehood, of devouring anything forbidden [trans. Ahmad Ali: "Eavesdropping for telling lies, earning through unlawful means!"].''' If they do come to thee, either judge between them, or decline to interfere. If thou decline, they cannot hurt thee in the least. If thou judge, judge in equity between them. For Allah loveth those who judge in equity.}}
{{Quote|{{quran|5|64}}|'''The Jews say: "Allah's hand is tied up." Be their hands tied up and be they accursed for the (blasphemy) they utter.''' Nay, both His hands are widely outstretched: He giveth and spendeth (of His bounty) as He pleaseth. But the revelation that cometh to thee from Allah increaseth in most of them their obstinate rebellion and blasphemy. Amongst them we have placed enmity and hatred till the Day of Judgment. Every time '''they kindle the fire of war''', Allah doth extinguish it; but '''they (ever) strive to do mischief on earth.''' And Allah loveth not those who do mischief.}}{{Quote|{{quran|17|4}}|We announced to the children of Israel in the Book: '''"You will surely create disorder twice in the land, and become exceedingly arrogant."'''}}{{Quote|{{quran|62|6}}|Say: '''"O you Jews, if you claim that you are the favourites of God apart from all men, then wish for death, if you speak the truth.'''}}
{{Quote|{{quran|5|64}}|'''The Jews say: "Allah's hand is tied up." Be their hands tied up and be they accursed for the (blasphemy) they utter.''' Nay, both His hands are widely outstretched: He giveth and spendeth (of His bounty) as He pleaseth. But the revelation that cometh to thee from Allah increaseth in most of them their obstinate rebellion and blasphemy. Amongst them we have placed enmity and hatred till the Day of Judgment. Every time '''they kindle the fire of war''', Allah doth extinguish it; but '''they (ever) strive to do mischief on earth.''' And Allah loveth not those who do mischief.}}{{Quote|{{quran|17|4}}|We announced to the children of Israel in the Book: '''"You will surely create disorder twice in the land, and become exceedingly arrogant."'''}}{{Quote|{{quran|62|6}}|Say: '''"O you Jews, if you claim that you are the favourites of God apart from all men, then wish for death, if you speak the truth.'''}}


===In the hadith and sira===
===في الحديث والسرة===


====Importance of descent====
====أخمية الأصل====
{{Quote|{{bukhari|4|56|711}}|Narrated Abu Dhar: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, '''"If somebody claims to be the son of any other than his real father knowingly, he but disbelieves in Allah, and if somebody claims to belong to some folk to whom he does not belong, let such a person take his place in the (Hell) Fire."'''}}
{{Quote|{{bukhari|4|56|711}}|Narrated Abu Dhar: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, '''"If somebody claims to be the son of any other than his real father knowingly, he but disbelieves in Allah, and if somebody claims to belong to some folk to whom he does not belong, let such a person take his place in the (Hell) Fire."'''}}


====Racial origins====
====الأصول العنصرية====
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3931}}|Narrated Samurah bin Jundab: that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: '''"Sam was the father of Arabs, Yafith was the father of Romans, and Ham was the father of Ethiopians."''' <br>Grade: Da'if (Darussalam)}}
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3931}}|Narrated Samurah bin Jundab: that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: '''"Sam was the father of Arabs, Yafith was the father of Romans, and Ham was the father of Ethiopians."''' <br>Grade: Da'if (Darussalam)}}


====Racial equality====
====المساوة العنصرية====
{{Quote|1=[https://islamweb.net/ar/library/index.php?page=bookcontents&ID=22393&idfrom=0&idto=0&flag=1&bk_no=6&ayano=0&surano=0&bookhad=0 Musnad Ahmad 22978]|2=Abu Nadrah reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said in the final days of the pilgimrage: "O people, your Lord is one and your father Adam is one. '''There is no favor of an Arab over a foreigner, nor a foreigner over an Arab, and neither white skin over black skin, nor black skin over white skin, except by righteousness.''' Have I not delivered the message?" <br> Grade: Sahih (authentic) according to Al-Arna’ut}}{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3955}}|Narrated Abu Hurairah:
{{Quote|1=[https://islamweb.net/ar/library/index.php?page=bookcontents&ID=22393&idfrom=0&idto=0&flag=1&bk_no=6&ayano=0&surano=0&bookhad=0 Musnad Ahmad 22978]|2=Abu Nadrah reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said in the final days of the pilgimrage: "O people, your Lord is one and your father Adam is one. '''There is no favor of an Arab over a foreigner, nor a foreigner over an Arab, and neither white skin over black skin, nor black skin over white skin, except by righteousness.''' Have I not delivered the message?" <br> Grade: Sahih (authentic) according to Al-Arna’ut}}{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3955}}|Narrated Abu Hurairah:
that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: "'''People should stop boasting about their fathers who have died, while they are but coals of Hell, or they will be more humiliated with Allah than the dung beetle who rolls dung with his nose.''' Indeed Allah removed Jahiliyyah from you, and its boasting about lineage. [Indeed a person is either] a pious believer, or a miserable sinner. And '''people are all the children of Adam, and Adam was [created] from dust.'''" <br>Grade: Hasan (Darussalam)}}
that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: "'''People should stop boasting about their fathers who have died, while they are but coals of Hell, or they will be more humiliated with Allah than the dung beetle who rolls dung with his nose.''' Indeed Allah removed Jahiliyyah from you, and its boasting about lineage. [Indeed a person is either] a pious believer, or a miserable sinner. And '''people are all the children of Adam, and Adam was [created] from dust.'''" <br>Grade: Hasan (Darussalam)}}


====Racial specialization====
====Rالتخصص العنصري====
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3936}}|Narrated Abu Hurairah: that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: '''"Leadership is among the Quraish, and reasoning and judgment is among the Ansar, and the Adhan is among the Ethiopians, and the trust is among the Al-Azd." meaning Yemen.'''<br>
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3936}}|Narrated Abu Hurairah: that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: '''"Leadership is among the Quraish, and reasoning and judgment is among the Ansar, and the Adhan is among the Ethiopians, and the trust is among the Al-Azd." meaning Yemen.'''<br>
Grade: Hasan (Darussalam)}}
Grade: Hasan (Darussalam)}}


====Superiority of Arabs, Quraysh, and Bani Hashim====
====تفوق العرب, القريش, وبني هاشم ====
{{Quote|{{Muslim|30|5653}}|Wathila b. al-Asqa' reported:
{{Quote|{{Muslim|30|5653}}|Wathila b. al-Asqa' reported:


سطر ٦٠: سطر ٦٠:


that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: '''"Whoever cheats the Arabs, he will not be included in my intercession, and my love shall not reach him."'''  <br>Grade: Da'if (Darussalam)}}{{Quote|{{Muwatta|45||17}}|Yahya related to me from Malik from Ismail ibn Abi Hakim that he heard Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz say, "One of the last things that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said was, ''''May Allah fight the jews and the christians.''' They took the graves of their Prophets as places of prostration. '''Two deens shall not co-exist in the land of the Arabs.''''"}}{{Quote|Ibn Sa'd, Vol. 1, p. 12| Ali Ibn Abi Talib, said: Verily the Prophet said: God divided the earth in two halves and placed (me) in the better of the two, then He divided the half in three parts, and I was in the best of them, then '''He chose the Arabs from among the people''', then He chose the Quraysh from among the Arabs, then He chose the children of ‘Abd al-Muttalib from among the Banu Hashim, then he chose me from among the children of ‘Abd al-Muttalib, and from them he chose me.<ref>Ibn Sa'd, Abu Abd Allah Muhammad. Kitab al-Tabaqat, vol i. Translated in English by S. Moinul Haq, Kitab Bhavan, 1784, Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi, India, 1972, p12.</ref>}}{{Quote|Ibn Taymiyya, Vol. 31, pp. 376-377|"A man married a maid-slave who bore him a child. Would that child be free or would he be an owned slave?" "Her child whom she bore from him would be the property of her master according to all the Imams (heads of the four Islamic schools of law) because the child follows the (status) of his mother in freedom or slavery. If the child is not of the race of Arabs, then he is definitely an owned slave according to the scholars, but the scholars disputed (his status) among themselves if he was from the Arabs - whether he must be enslaved or not because '''when A'isha (Muhammad's wife) had a maid-slave who was an Arab, Muhammad said to A'isha, `Set this maid free because she is from the children of Ishmael.''''"}}
that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: '''"Whoever cheats the Arabs, he will not be included in my intercession, and my love shall not reach him."'''  <br>Grade: Da'if (Darussalam)}}{{Quote|{{Muwatta|45||17}}|Yahya related to me from Malik from Ismail ibn Abi Hakim that he heard Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz say, "One of the last things that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said was, ''''May Allah fight the jews and the christians.''' They took the graves of their Prophets as places of prostration. '''Two deens shall not co-exist in the land of the Arabs.''''"}}{{Quote|Ibn Sa'd, Vol. 1, p. 12| Ali Ibn Abi Talib, said: Verily the Prophet said: God divided the earth in two halves and placed (me) in the better of the two, then He divided the half in three parts, and I was in the best of them, then '''He chose the Arabs from among the people''', then He chose the Quraysh from among the Arabs, then He chose the children of ‘Abd al-Muttalib from among the Banu Hashim, then he chose me from among the children of ‘Abd al-Muttalib, and from them he chose me.<ref>Ibn Sa'd, Abu Abd Allah Muhammad. Kitab al-Tabaqat, vol i. Translated in English by S. Moinul Haq, Kitab Bhavan, 1784, Kalan Mahal, Daraya Ganj, New Delhi, India, 1972, p12.</ref>}}{{Quote|Ibn Taymiyya, Vol. 31, pp. 376-377|"A man married a maid-slave who bore him a child. Would that child be free or would he be an owned slave?" "Her child whom she bore from him would be the property of her master according to all the Imams (heads of the four Islamic schools of law) because the child follows the (status) of his mother in freedom or slavery. If the child is not of the race of Arabs, then he is definitely an owned slave according to the scholars, but the scholars disputed (his status) among themselves if he was from the Arabs - whether he must be enslaved or not because '''when A'isha (Muhammad's wife) had a maid-slave who was an Arab, Muhammad said to A'isha, `Set this maid free because she is from the children of Ishmael.''''"}}
====Quraysh====
====القريش====
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|704}}|Narrated Muhammad bin Jubair bin Mut`im: That while he was with a delegation from Quraish to Muawiya, the latter heard the news that `Abdullah bin `Amr bin Al-`As said that there would be a king from the tribe of Qahtan. On that Muawiya became angry, got up and then praised Allah as He deserved, and said, "Now then, I have heard that some men amongst you narrate things which are neither in the Holy Book, nor have been told by Allah's Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسلم). Those men are the ignorant amongst you. Beware of such hopes as make the people go astray, for I heard Allah's Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسلم) saying, ''''Authority of ruling will remain with Quraish, and whoever bears hostility to them, Allah will destroy him''' as long as they abide by the laws of the religion.' "}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|705}}; see also {{muslim|20|4476}}|Narrated Ibn `Umar: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, '''"Authority of ruling will remain with Quraish, even if only two of them remained."'''}}{{Quote|{{muslim|20|4473}}|It has been narrarted on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said:  
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|704}}|Narrated Muhammad bin Jubair bin Mut`im: That while he was with a delegation from Quraish to Muawiya, the latter heard the news that `Abdullah bin `Amr bin Al-`As said that there would be a king from the tribe of Qahtan. On that Muawiya became angry, got up and then praised Allah as He deserved, and said, "Now then, I have heard that some men amongst you narrate things which are neither in the Holy Book, nor have been told by Allah's Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسلم). Those men are the ignorant amongst you. Beware of such hopes as make the people go astray, for I heard Allah's Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسلم) saying, ''''Authority of ruling will remain with Quraish, and whoever bears hostility to them, Allah will destroy him''' as long as they abide by the laws of the religion.' "}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|705}}; see also {{muslim|20|4476}}|Narrated Ibn `Umar: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, '''"Authority of ruling will remain with Quraish, even if only two of them remained."'''}}{{Quote|{{muslim|20|4473}}|It has been narrarted on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said:  
'''People are subservient to the Quraish''': the Muslims among them being subservient to the Muslims among them, and the disbelievers among the people being subservient to the disbelievers among them.}}{{Quote|{{muslim|20|4475}}|It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. 'Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said:  
'''People are subservient to the Quraish''': the Muslims among them being subservient to the Muslims among them, and the disbelievers among the people being subservient to the disbelievers among them.}}{{Quote|{{muslim|20|4475}}|It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. 'Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said:  
'''People are the followers of Quraish in good as well as evil'''}}{{Quote|{{muslim|20|4477}}|It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. Samura who said: I joined the company of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) with my father and I heard him say: '''This Caliphate will not end until there have been twelve Caliphs among them'''. The narrator said: Then he (the Holy Prophet) said something that I could not follow. I said to my father: What did he say? He said: He has said: '''All of them will be from the Quraish.'''}}{{Quote|{{muslim|20|4480}}|It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. Samura who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) say: '''Islam will continue to be triumphant until there have been twelve Caliphs.''' Then the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said something which I could not understand. I asked my father: What did he say? He said: He has said that '''all of them (twelve Caliphs) will be from the Quraish'''.}}{{Quote|{{bukhari|4|56|801}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, "'''This branch from Quraish''' will ruin the people." The companions of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) asked, "What do you order us to do (then)?" He said, '''"I would suggest that the people keep away from them.'''''}}{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3905}}|Narrated Sa'd: that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: '''"Whoever wishes to humiliate the Quraish then Allah will humiliate him."''' <br>Grade: Hasan (Darussalam)}}
'''People are the followers of Quraish in good as well as evil'''}}{{Quote|{{muslim|20|4477}}|It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. Samura who said: I joined the company of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) with my father and I heard him say: '''This Caliphate will not end until there have been twelve Caliphs among them'''. The narrator said: Then he (the Holy Prophet) said something that I could not follow. I said to my father: What did he say? He said: He has said: '''All of them will be from the Quraish.'''}}{{Quote|{{muslim|20|4480}}|It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. Samura who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) say: '''Islam will continue to be triumphant until there have been twelve Caliphs.''' Then the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said something which I could not understand. I asked my father: What did he say? He said: He has said that '''all of them (twelve Caliphs) will be from the Quraish'''.}}{{Quote|{{bukhari|4|56|801}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, "'''This branch from Quraish''' will ruin the people." The companions of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) asked, "What do you order us to do (then)?" He said, '''"I would suggest that the people keep away from them.'''''}}{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3905}}|Narrated Sa'd: that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: '''"Whoever wishes to humiliate the Quraish then Allah will humiliate him."''' <br>Grade: Hasan (Darussalam)}}
====Bedouins====
====البدو====
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|703}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|703}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:


I heard Allah's Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسلم) saying, "'''Pride and arrogance are characteristics of the rural bedouins''' while calmness is found among the owners of sheep. Belief is Yemenite, and wisdom is also Yemenite i.e. the Yemenites are well-known for their true belief and wisdom)." Abu `Abdullah (Al-Bukhari) said, "Yemen was called so because it is situated to the right of the Ka`ba, and Sham was called so because it is situated to the left of the Ka`ba."}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|702}}|Narrated Abi Mas`ud: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, "From this side from the east, afflictions will appear. '''Rudeness and lack of mercy are characteristics of the rural bedouins''' who are busy with their camels and cows (and pay no attention to religion). Such are the tribes of Rabi`a and Mudar."}}{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3946}}|Narrated Abu Hurairah: "A man from Banu Fazarah gave a gift to the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) of she-camel from his camels which they had taken at Al-Ghabah. So he reciprocated for it with something in return, but he was upset with it. So I heard the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم), upon [this] Minbar saying: ''''Indeed one of the men from the Bedouins gave me a gift so I reciprocated for it to the extent of what I had. Then he became very upset with me. By Allah! After my experience with this Bedouin man, I shall not accept a gift from anyone except from a Quraishi, Ansari, Thaqafi, or Dawsi.''''" <br> Grade: Sahih (Darussalam)}}{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3953}}|Narrated Ibn 'Umar: that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: "O Allah bless us in our Sham! O Allah bless us in our Yemen." They said: "And in our Najd [the Najd is the land of the Bedouins]" He said: "O Allah bless us in our Sham! O Allah bless us in our Yemen." They said: "And in our Najd" He said: '''"Earthquakes are there, and tribulations are there." Or he said: "The horn of Shaitan comes from there."''' <br>Grade: Sahih (Darussalam)}}{{Quote|{{cite web|url=https://sunnah.com/abudawud/25/32 |title=Sunan Abu Dawud 25:32 |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}} See also [https://sunnah.com/ibnmajah/13/60 Sunan ibn Majah 13:60].|Narrated AbuHurayrah: The Prophet said: '''The testimony of a nomad Arab against a townsman is not allowable.'''}}
I heard Allah's Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسلم) saying, "'''Pride and arrogance are characteristics of the rural bedouins''' while calmness is found among the owners of sheep. Belief is Yemenite, and wisdom is also Yemenite i.e. the Yemenites are well-known for their true belief and wisdom)." Abu `Abdullah (Al-Bukhari) said, "Yemen was called so because it is situated to the right of the Ka`ba, and Sham was called so because it is situated to the left of the Ka`ba."}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|702}}|Narrated Abi Mas`ud: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, "From this side from the east, afflictions will appear. '''Rudeness and lack of mercy are characteristics of the rural bedouins''' who are busy with their camels and cows (and pay no attention to religion). Such are the tribes of Rabi`a and Mudar."}}{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3946}}|Narrated Abu Hurairah: "A man from Banu Fazarah gave a gift to the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) of she-camel from his camels which they had taken at Al-Ghabah. So he reciprocated for it with something in return, but he was upset with it. So I heard the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم), upon [this] Minbar saying: ''''Indeed one of the men from the Bedouins gave me a gift so I reciprocated for it to the extent of what I had. Then he became very upset with me. By Allah! After my experience with this Bedouin man, I shall not accept a gift from anyone except from a Quraishi, Ansari, Thaqafi, or Dawsi.''''" <br> Grade: Sahih (Darussalam)}}{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3953}}|Narrated Ibn 'Umar: that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: "O Allah bless us in our Sham! O Allah bless us in our Yemen." They said: "And in our Najd [the Najd is the land of the Bedouins]" He said: "O Allah bless us in our Sham! O Allah bless us in our Yemen." They said: "And in our Najd" He said: '''"Earthquakes are there, and tribulations are there." Or he said: "The horn of Shaitan comes from there."''' <br>Grade: Sahih (Darussalam)}}{{Quote|{{cite web|url=https://sunnah.com/abudawud/25/32 |title=Sunan Abu Dawud 25:32 |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}} See also [https://sunnah.com/ibnmajah/13/60 Sunan ibn Majah 13:60].|Narrated AbuHurayrah: The Prophet said: '''The testimony of a nomad Arab against a townsman is not allowable.'''}}
====Ethiopians====
====الاثيوبيين====
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3691}}|Narrated 'Aishah:
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3691}}|Narrated 'Aishah:
that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) was sitting and we heard a scream and the voices of children. So the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) arose, and it was '''an Ethiopian woman, prancing around while the children played around her'''. So he said: 'O 'Aishah, come (and) see.' So I came, and I put my chin upon the shoulder of the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) and I began to watch her from between his shoulder and his head, and he said to me: 'Have you had enough, have you had enough?'" She said: "So I kept saying: 'No,' to see my status with him. '''Then 'Umar appeared.'''" She said: '''"So they dispersed."''' She said: "So the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: ''''Indeed I see the Shayatin among men and jinn have run from 'Umar.' She said: 'So I returned.''''"<br>Grade: Hasan (Darussalam)}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|11|664}}, {{Bukhari|9|89|256}}, {{Bukhari|1|11|662}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said to Abu-Dhar, '''"Listen and obey (your chief) even if he is an Ethiopian with a head like a raisin."'''}}
that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) was sitting and we heard a scream and the voices of children. So the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) arose, and it was '''an Ethiopian woman, prancing around while the children played around her'''. So he said: 'O 'Aishah, come (and) see.' So I came, and I put my chin upon the shoulder of the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) and I began to watch her from between his shoulder and his head, and he said to me: 'Have you had enough, have you had enough?'" She said: "So I kept saying: 'No,' to see my status with him. '''Then 'Umar appeared.'''" She said: '''"So they dispersed."''' She said: "So the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: ''''Indeed I see the Shayatin among men and jinn have run from 'Umar.' She said: 'So I returned.''''"<br>Grade: Hasan (Darussalam)}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|11|664}}, {{Bukhari|9|89|256}}, {{Bukhari|1|11|662}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said to Abu-Dhar, '''"Listen and obey (your chief) even if he is an Ethiopian with a head like a raisin."'''}}


====Blacks====
====السود====
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|87|161}}, {{Bukhari|9|87|162}}, {{Bukhari|9|87|163}}|Narrated `Abdullah: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, "'''I saw (in a dream) a black woman with unkempt hair''' going out of Medina and settling at Mahai'a, i.e., Al-Juhfa. '''I interpreted that as a symbol of epidemic''' of Medina being transferred to that place (Al-Juhfa).}}{{Quote|{{Muslim|10|3901}}|Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) reported: There came a slave and pledg- ed allegiance to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) on migration; he (the Holy Prophet) did not know that he was a slave. Then there came his master and demanded him back, whereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: '''Sell him to me. And he bought him for two black slaves''', and he did not afterwards take allegiance from anyone until he had asked him whether he was a slave (or a free man)}}{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=24}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|87|161}}, {{Bukhari|9|87|162}}, {{Bukhari|9|87|163}}|Narrated `Abdullah: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, "'''I saw (in a dream) a black woman with unkempt hair''' going out of Medina and settling at Mahai'a, i.e., Al-Juhfa. '''I interpreted that as a symbol of epidemic''' of Medina being transferred to that place (Al-Juhfa).}}{{Quote|{{Muslim|10|3901}}|Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) reported: There came a slave and pledg- ed allegiance to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) on migration; he (the Holy Prophet) did not know that he was a slave. Then there came his master and demanded him back, whereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: '''Sell him to me. And he bought him for two black slaves''', and he did not afterwards take allegiance from anyone until he had asked him whether he was a slave (or a free man)}}{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=24}}
<BR>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.1|page=521}}|I have heard that it was of him that the apostle said, ''''Whoever wants to see Satan let him take a look at Nabtal b. al-Harith!' He was a sturdy black man with long flowing hair, inflamed eyes, and dark ruddy cheeks.''' He used to come and talk with the Prophet and listen to him. He would carry what he had said to the hypocrites. Nabtal said, 'Muhammad is all ears. If anyone tells him something he believes it.' Allah sent down concerning him: 'To those who annoy the Prophet and say that he is all ears, say, 'Good ears for you.' For those who annoy the Apostle there is a painful punishment."}}{{Quote|{{citation|pages=471-472|title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://archive.org/details/TheSealedNectar-Alhamdulillah-library.blogspot.in.pdf/page/n399/mode/2up|author=Saifur-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri|page=399|publisher=Darussalam|year=1996|edition=1st}}|He [the prophet] sent Khalid bin al-Walid in Ramadan 8 A.H., to '''a spot called Nakhlah ‎where there was a goddess called Al-‘Uzza''' venerated by the Quraish and Kinanah . . . On ‎his return, the Prophet asked him if he had seen anything there, to which Khalid gave a ‎negative answer . . . He went back again and there '''he saw a black woman, naked with torn ‎hair. Khalid struck her with his sword into two parts.''' He returned and narrated the story ‎to the Prophet, who then confirmed the fulfillment of the task.‎}}{{Quote|{{citation|pages=471-472|title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://archive.org/details/TheSealedNectar-Alhamdulillah-library.blogspot.in.pdf/page/n399/mode/2up|author=Saifur-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri|page=400|publisher=Darussalam|year=1996|edition=1st}}|Sa’d bin Zaid Al-Ashhali was also sent in the same month and '''on the same mission to Al-‎Mushallal to destroy an idol, Manat''', respected by both Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj tribes. '''Here ‎also a black woman, naked with messy hair appeared wailing and beating on her chest. ‎Sa’d immediately killed her''' . . .‎}}{{Quote|{{Muslim|5|2334}}|'Ubaidullah b. Abu Rafi', the freed slave of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him), said: When Haruria (the Khwarij) set out and as he was with 'Ali b. Abu Talib (Allah be pleased with him) they said," There is no command but that of Allah." Upon this 'Ali said: The statement is true but it is intentionally applied (to support) a wrong (cause). The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him described their characteristics and I found these characteristics in them. They state the truth with their tongue, but it does not go beyond this part of their bodies (and the narrator pointed towards his throat). '''The most hateful among the creation of Allah is one black man among them (Khwarij). One of his hand is like the teat of a goat or the nipple of the breast.''' When 'Ali b. Abu Talib (Allah be pleased with him) killed them, he said: Search (for his dead body). They searched for him, but they did not find it (his dead body). Upon this he said: Go (and search for him). By Allah, neither I have spoken a lie nor has the lie been spoken to me. 'Ali said this twice and thrice. They then found him (the dead body) in a rain. They brought (his dead) body till they placed it before him (Hadrat 'Ali). 'Ubaidullah said: And, I was present at (that place) when this happened and when 'Ali said about them. A person narrated to me from Ibn Hanain that he said: I saw that black man.}}{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. II|ISBN=0-88706-313-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=William M Brinner|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n435/mode/2up|page=267}}<BR>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.1 |page=97}}<BR> {{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت طه عبد الرؤوف سعد|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/7450|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.2|page=67}}
<BR>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.1|page=521}}|I have heard that it was of him that the apostle said, ''''Whoever wants to see Satan let him take a look at Nabtal b. al-Harith!' He was a sturdy black man with long flowing hair, inflamed eyes, and dark ruddy cheeks.''' He used to come and talk with the Prophet and listen to him. He would carry what he had said to the hypocrites. Nabtal said, 'Muhammad is all ears. If anyone tells him something he believes it.' Allah sent down concerning him: 'To those who annoy the Prophet and say that he is all ears, say, 'Good ears for you.' For those who annoy the Apostle there is a painful punishment."}}{{Quote|{{citation|pages=471-472|title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://archive.org/details/TheSealedNectar-Alhamdulillah-library.blogspot.in.pdf/page/n399/mode/2up|author=Saifur-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri|page=399|publisher=Darussalam|year=1996|edition=1st}}|He [the prophet] sent Khalid bin al-Walid in Ramadan 8 A.H., to '''a spot called Nakhlah ‎where there was a goddess called Al-‘Uzza''' venerated by the Quraish and Kinanah . . . On ‎his return, the Prophet asked him if he had seen anything there, to which Khalid gave a ‎negative answer . . . He went back again and there '''he saw a black woman, naked with torn ‎hair. Khalid struck her with his sword into two parts.''' He returned and narrated the story ‎to the Prophet, who then confirmed the fulfillment of the task.‎}}{{Quote|{{citation|pages=471-472|title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://archive.org/details/TheSealedNectar-Alhamdulillah-library.blogspot.in.pdf/page/n399/mode/2up|author=Saifur-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri|page=400|publisher=Darussalam|year=1996|edition=1st}}|Sa’d bin Zaid Al-Ashhali was also sent in the same month and '''on the same mission to Al-‎Mushallal to destroy an idol, Manat''', respected by both Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj tribes. '''Here ‎also a black woman, naked with messy hair appeared wailing and beating on her chest. ‎Sa’d immediately killed her''' . . .‎}}{{Quote|{{Muslim|5|2334}}|'Ubaidullah b. Abu Rafi', the freed slave of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him), said: When Haruria (the Khwarij) set out and as he was with 'Ali b. Abu Talib (Allah be pleased with him) they said," There is no command but that of Allah." Upon this 'Ali said: The statement is true but it is intentionally applied (to support) a wrong (cause). The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him described their characteristics and I found these characteristics in them. They state the truth with their tongue, but it does not go beyond this part of their bodies (and the narrator pointed towards his throat). '''The most hateful among the creation of Allah is one black man among them (Khwarij). One of his hand is like the teat of a goat or the nipple of the breast.''' When 'Ali b. Abu Talib (Allah be pleased with him) killed them, he said: Search (for his dead body). They searched for him, but they did not find it (his dead body). Upon this he said: Go (and search for him). By Allah, neither I have spoken a lie nor has the lie been spoken to me. 'Ali said this twice and thrice. They then found him (the dead body) in a rain. They brought (his dead) body till they placed it before him (Hadrat 'Ali). 'Ubaidullah said: And, I was present at (that place) when this happened and when 'Ali said about them. A person narrated to me from Ibn Hanain that he said: I saw that black man.}}{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. II|ISBN=0-88706-313-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=William M Brinner|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n435/mode/2up|page=267}}<BR>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.1 |page=97}}<BR> {{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت طه عبد الرؤوف سعد|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/7450|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.2|page=67}}
سطر ٧٨: سطر ٧٨:
Shem begat everyone who is handsome of face with beautiful hair. Noah prayed that the hair of Ham's descendants would not grow beyond their ears, and that wherever his descendants met the children of Shem, the latter would enslave them}}{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=374}}<BR>|Asim b. 'Umar b. Qataada told me that Abu 'Amir 'Abdu 'Amr b.  Sayfi b. Malik b. al-Nu'man, one of the B. Dubay'a who had seperated  from the apostle and gone off to Mecca along with fifty young men of al-Aus [Tabari:among whom was 'Uthman b. Hunayf] though some people say there were only fifteen of them, was promising Quraysh that if he met his people no two men of them would exchange blows with him; and when  the battle was joined the first one to meet them was Abu 'Amir with the,black troops and the slaves of the Meccans,and he cried out,'O men of Aus, I am Abu' Amir.' They replied, 'Then God destroy your sight, you  impious rascal.' {In the pagan period he was called 'the monk'; the apostle called him 'the impious'.) }}{{Quote|Mishkat, Vol. 3, p. 117. ''Al-Tirmidhi No. 38'', Alim.org ([https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20120512074140/http://www.alim.org/library/hadith/TIR/38 Archived]).|"Abu Darda reported that the Holy Prophet said: Allah created Adam when he created him (sic). Then He stroke (sic) his right shoulder and took out a white race as if they were seeds, and He stroke (sic) his left shoulder and took out a black race as if they were coals. Then He said to those who were in his right side: Towards paradise and I don't care. He said to those who were on his left shoulder: Towards Hell and I don't care. - Ahmad"}}
Shem begat everyone who is handsome of face with beautiful hair. Noah prayed that the hair of Ham's descendants would not grow beyond their ears, and that wherever his descendants met the children of Shem, the latter would enslave them}}{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=374}}<BR>|Asim b. 'Umar b. Qataada told me that Abu 'Amir 'Abdu 'Amr b.  Sayfi b. Malik b. al-Nu'man, one of the B. Dubay'a who had seperated  from the apostle and gone off to Mecca along with fifty young men of al-Aus [Tabari:among whom was 'Uthman b. Hunayf] though some people say there were only fifteen of them, was promising Quraysh that if he met his people no two men of them would exchange blows with him; and when  the battle was joined the first one to meet them was Abu 'Amir with the,black troops and the slaves of the Meccans,and he cried out,'O men of Aus, I am Abu' Amir.' They replied, 'Then God destroy your sight, you  impious rascal.' {In the pagan period he was called 'the monk'; the apostle called him 'the impious'.) }}{{Quote|Mishkat, Vol. 3, p. 117. ''Al-Tirmidhi No. 38'', Alim.org ([https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20120512074140/http://www.alim.org/library/hadith/TIR/38 Archived]).|"Abu Darda reported that the Holy Prophet said: Allah created Adam when he created him (sic). Then He stroke (sic) his right shoulder and took out a white race as if they were seeds, and He stroke (sic) his left shoulder and took out a black race as if they were coals. Then He said to those who were in his right side: Towards paradise and I don't care. He said to those who were on his left shoulder: Towards Hell and I don't care. - Ahmad"}}


====Other hierarchies, races, and tribes====
====التسلسلات الهرمية الأخرى والقبائل والعناصر====
{{Quote|{{bukhari|4|56|718}}; see also {{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3950}}|Narrated Abu Bakra: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, '''"Do you think that the tribes of Juhaina, Muzaina, Aslam and Ghifar are better than the tribes of Bani Tamim, Bani Asad, Bani `Abdullah bin Ghatafan and Bani Amir bin Sasaa?"''' A man said, "They were unsuccessful and losers." The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) added, "'''(Yes), they are better''' than the tribes of Bani Tamim, Bani Asad, Bani `Abdullah bin Ghatafan and Bani Amir bin Sasaa."}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|726}}; see also|Narrated Abu Hurairah (ra):
{{Quote|{{bukhari|4|56|718}}; see also {{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3950}}|Narrated Abu Bakra: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, '''"Do you think that the tribes of Juhaina, Muzaina, Aslam and Ghifar are better than the tribes of Bani Tamim, Bani Asad, Bani `Abdullah bin Ghatafan and Bani Amir bin Sasaa?"''' A man said, "They were unsuccessful and losers." The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) added, "'''(Yes), they are better''' than the tribes of Bani Tamim, Bani Asad, Bani `Abdullah bin Ghatafan and Bani Amir bin Sasaa."}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|726}}; see also|Narrated Abu Hurairah (ra):
The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, '''(The people of) Aslam, Ghifar and some people of Muzaina and Juhaina''' or said (some people of Juhaina or Muzaina) '''are better with Allah''' or said (on the Day of resurrection) '''than the tribe of Asad, Tamim, Hawazin and Ghatafan'''.}}{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3911}}|Narrated Abu Usaid As-Sa'idi: that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: "'''The Best houses of the Ansar are the houses of Banu An-Najjar, then the house of Banu 'Abdul-Ashhal, then Banu Al-Harith bin Al-Khazraj, then Banu Sa'idah.''' And in all of the houses of the Ansar there is good." So Sa'd said: "I do not see except that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) has preferred everyone over us." So it was said: "He preferred you over many."<br>Grade: Sahih (Darussalam)}}{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3935}}|Narrated Abu Hurairah: that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: "'''The people of Yemen''' have come to you. They '''are weaker in heart and softer in understanding, faith is Yemeni and wisdom is Yemeni.'''" <br>Grade: Hasan (Darussalam)}}{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3838}}|Narrated Abu Hurairah: "The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said to me: 'Who are you from?' I said: 'From Daws.' He said: ''''I did not think there was anyone from Daws in whom there was good.''''" <br>Grade: Hasan (Darussalam)}}
The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, '''(The people of) Aslam, Ghifar and some people of Muzaina and Juhaina''' or said (some people of Juhaina or Muzaina) '''are better with Allah''' or said (on the Day of resurrection) '''than the tribe of Asad, Tamim, Hawazin and Ghatafan'''.}}{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3911}}|Narrated Abu Usaid As-Sa'idi: that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: "'''The Best houses of the Ansar are the houses of Banu An-Najjar, then the house of Banu 'Abdul-Ashhal, then Banu Al-Harith bin Al-Khazraj, then Banu Sa'idah.''' And in all of the houses of the Ansar there is good." So Sa'd said: "I do not see except that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) has preferred everyone over us." So it was said: "He preferred you over many."<br>Grade: Sahih (Darussalam)}}{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3935}}|Narrated Abu Hurairah: that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: "'''The people of Yemen''' have come to you. They '''are weaker in heart and softer in understanding, faith is Yemeni and wisdom is Yemeni.'''" <br>Grade: Hasan (Darussalam)}}{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3838}}|Narrated Abu Hurairah: "The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said to me: 'Who are you from?' I said: 'From Daws.' He said: ''''I did not think there was anyone from Daws in whom there was good.''''" <br>Grade: Hasan (Darussalam)}}
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