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| سطر ١٦٩: |
سطر ١٦٩: |
| ====حَنَفِي==== | | ====حَنَفِي==== |
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| Shaybani's Siyar (The Islamic law of nations), by Muhammad Shaybani (Imam Abu Hanifa's student):
| | كتاب السير الصغير (قانون الأمم الإسلامي) لمحمد الشيباني (تلميذ الإمام أبو حنيفة): |
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| {{Quote|1=[http://therationaliser.blogspot.co.uk/2014/07/apostasy-in-islam.html Shaybani's Siyar (The Islamic law of nations)]<BR>By Muhammad Shaybani (Imam Abu Hanifa's student), cited on The Rationaliser blog|2=985 I asked: If a Muslim apostatizes (irtadda) from Islam, what do you think would be the ruling regarding him? | | {{Quote|1=كتاب السير الصغير ت خدوري - [محمد بن الحسن الشيباني]|2=281 - قلت أَرَأَيْت الرجل الْمُسلم إِذا ارْتَدَّ عَن الْإِسْلَام كَيفَ الحكم فِيهِ قَالَ يعرض عَلَيْهِ الْإِسْلَام فَإِن أسلم وَإِلَّا قتل مَكَانَهُ إِلَّا أَن يطْلب أَن يُؤَجل فتؤجله ثَلَاثَة أَيَّام قلت فَهَل بلغك فِي هَذَا أثر قَالَ نعم بلغنَا عَن النَّبِي صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم فِي قتل الْمُرْتَد نَحْو من هَذَا وبلغنا عَن عَليّ بن أبي طَالب وعبد الله بن مَسْعُود ومعاذ بن جبل نَحْو من هَذَا وَهَذَا الحكم وَالسّنة |
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| 986 He replied: '''Islam would be offered to him; he has either to accept it or be killed at once, unless he asked for deferment.''' This would be given to him and its duration would be 3 days.
| | 294 - قلت أَرَأَيْت الْمُرْتَد هَل تُؤْكَل ذَبِيحَته قَالَ لَا قلت وَإِن كَانَ نَصْرَانِيّا قَالَ وَإِن كَانَ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِمَنْزِلَة الْيَهُودِيّ وَالنَّصْرَانِيّ أَلا ترى أَنه لَا يتْرك على دينه حَتَّى يسلم أَو يقتل |
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| 987 I asked: Has any narrative come to your knowledge about this matter?
| | 297 - قلت أَرَأَيْت الرجل إِذا ارْتَدَّ عَن الْإِسْلَام فَقطع رجل يَده عمدا أَو خطأ أَو فَقَأَ عينه أَو جنى عَلَيْهِ جِنَايَة عمدا أَو خطأ هَل عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِك شَيْء قَالَ لَا قلت لم قَالَ لِأَن دَمه حَلَال فَلَا شَيْء عَلَيْهِ من قطع يَده أَو رجله أَو جنى عَلَيْهِ أَو جرحه قلت وَكَذَلِكَ لَو أسلم وَبِه تِلْكَ الْجراحَة ثمَّ مَاتَ مِنْهَا قَالَ لَا شَيْء على فَاعل ذَلِك |
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| 988 He replied: Yes, it has been related to us from the Prophet to this effect, as well as [narratives] from [The caliph] Abi b. Abi Taalib, AbdAllah b. Mas'ud, and Mu'adh b. Jabal. Thus this ruling is based on the Sunna.
| | 300 - قلت أَرَأَيْت الْمَرْأَة ترتد عَن الْإِسْلَام كَيفَ الحكم فِيهَا قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو حنيفَة لَا تقتل وَلكنهَا تحبس أبدا حَتَّى تسلم |
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| | 312 - وَقَالَ أَبُو يُوسُف وَمُحَمّد الْمُرْتَدَّة عَلَيْهَا الْقَتْل إِذا لم تسلم وَهِي بِمَنْزِلَة الشَّيْخ الْكَبِير الفاني فِي قَول أبي حنيفَة |
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| 1033 I asked: Would you think that the apostate's slaughtered animal would be lawful to eat
| | 321 - قلت فَإِن كَانَت أمة ارْتَدَّت ثمَّ جنت جِنَايَة قَالَ يُقَال لمولاها ادفعها أَو أفدها قلت فَإِن جني عَلَيْهَا وَهِي مرتدة هَل على الَّذِي جنى بِهِ عَلَيْهَا شَيْء قَالَ لَا قلت لم وَأَنت لَا تقتل النِّسَاء قَالَ لِأَن بعض الْفُقَهَاء يرى عَلَيْهِنَّ الْقَتْل فَلذَلِك لم أر على من جنى عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيل قلت وَكَذَلِكَ الْمَرْأَة الْحرَّة إِذا ارْتَدَّت عَن الْإِسْلَام فَقَتلهَا رجل أَو جنى عَلَيْهَا جِنَايَة قَالَ نعم لست أرى عَلَيْهِ شَيْئا |
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| 1034 He replied: No
| | 361 - قلت أَرَأَيْت الْقَوْم إِذا ارْتَدُّوا عَن الْإِسْلَام فَأَغَارَ الْمُسلمُونَ عَلَيْهِم فقاتلوهم قبل أَن يَدعُوهُم الى الْإِسْلَام هَل عَلَيْهِم فِي ذَلِك شَيْء قَالَ لَا قلت لم وَمن السّنة أَن يَدعُوهُم قبل أَن يقاتلوهم قَالَ وَإِن كَانَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِم فِي ذَلِك شَيْء قلت وَكَذَلِكَ لَو كَانَ رجل وَاحِد فَارْتَد عَن الْإِسْلَام فَقتله رجل قبل أَن يَدعُوهُ الى الْإِسْلَام قَالَ نعم |
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| 1035 I asked: Even if he had become a Christian?
| | قَالَ أما الرِّجَال فَعَلَيْهِم الْقَتْل عبيدا كَانُوا أَو أَحْرَار |
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| 1036 He replied: Even if he had [apostatized to Christianity], because he would not enjoy the status of a Jew or a Christian. Do you think that he would be permitted to remain in the religion [he had adpoted]? He would have to become a Muslim or else be executed.
| | 362 - قلت أَرَأَيْت الْغُلَام الَّذِي لم يَحْتَلِم يرْتَد عَن الْإِسْلَام هَل تقتله قَالَ لَا قلت فَإِن أدْرك كَافِرًا كَذَلِك قَالَ أحبسه وَلَا أَقتلهُ لانه لم يقر بِالْإِسْلَامِ بعد مَا أدْرك}} |
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| 1053 I asked: If a man has apostatized from Islam and another [man] cut off his hand or destroyed, intentionally or unintentionally, his eye or committed against him any other tort, intentionally or unintentially, would this [other] man be held liable for anything?
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| 1054 He replied: No
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| 1055 I asked: Why?
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| 1056 He replied: '''Since his blood is lawful to shed nobody would be liable for any tort against him, whether cutting off his hand or foot or committing a tort or injury against him.'''
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| 1057 I asked: Would [the ruling] be the same if he accepts Islam and then dies of the wound?
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| 1058 He replied: The person who has committed [the said tort] would not be liable for anything.
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| 1069 I asked: If a woman apostatized from Islam, what would be the ruling regarding her?
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| 1070 He replied: '''Abu Hanifa held that she would not be executed, but imprisoned indefinitely until she returns to Islam.'''
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| 1130 + However, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad [b. al-Hasan] held that the apostate woman would be liable to execution unless she returns to Islam. But Abu Hanifa held that she would be in the same category as a very old man.
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| 1159 I asked: If a tort was committed against [the slave woman] in apostasy, would the offender be held liable for anything?
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| 1160 He replied: No
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| 1161 I asked: Why, if you do not approve of the execution of women?
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| 1162 He replied: Since some of the jurists hold that apostate women should be executed, I hold that a tort committed against them would not render [the offender] liable [for paying compensation]
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| 1330 I asked: If a group [of Muslims] apostatized from Islam and were attacked by [other] Muslims without [first] having been invited to adopt Islam, do you think that those [who attacked] would be liable for anything?
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| 1331 He replied: No
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| 1332 I asked: Why? According to Sunna they should be invited [to accept Islam] before being fought.
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| 1333 He replied: Even so, they would not be liable for anything.
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| 1334 I asked: Would the same be true if a single man apostatized from Islam and was killed by another before was invited [to return] to Islam?
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| 1335 He replied: Yes
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| 1341 + Men [who apostatize] would be liable to be executed, regardless whether they were slaves or free.
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| 1344 I asked: If a lad apostatized from Islam before he reached puberty, do you think that he would be executed?
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| 1345 He replied: No
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| 1346 I asked: Would the same hold true if he had come of age while still an unbeliever?
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| 1347 He replied: I would order his imprisonment rather than execution, because he had never professed Islam after he had come of age.}}
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| ====حنبلي==== | | ====حنبلي==== |