الفرق بين المراجعتين لصفحة: «القرآن والحديث والعلماء: العلماء على الجهاد»

القرآن والحديث والعلماء: العلماء على الجهاد (عرض المصدر)

مراجعة ٠٦:٤٧، ١٠ يناير ٢٠٢٣

أُضيف ٢٥٦ بايت ، ١٠ يناير ٢٠٢٣

←‏Al-Shafi'i

[مراجعة منقحة]

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@@ سطر ١٢٥: / سطر ١٢٥: @@
 <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shafi%27i Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Idrīs al-Shafi'i]</span> (767-820) is considered by Muslims to be the greatest Imam from among the Four Imams of Fiqh, in terms of his vast knowledge and authority. The Shafi'i school of fiqh is named after him, and being considered the founder of Islamic jurisprudence, he has been give the honorific title "Father of Usul Al-Fiqh".
-{{Quote||40. Shafi'i replied: God has imposed the [duty of] jihad as laid down in His Book and uttered by His Prophet's tongue. He stressed the calling [of men to fulfill] the jihad [duty] as follows:
+{{Quote|[https://shamela.ws/book/8180/449#p1 كتاب الرسالة للشافعي]|فقلت يه فَرَضَ اللهُ الجِهادَ في كتابه وعلى لسانِ نبِّيه ثم أكَّدَ النَّفِير مِن الجهاد فقال (إِنَّ اللَّهَ اشْتَرَى مِنْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنفُسَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ (١) بِأَنَّ لَهُمْ الْجَنَّةَ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَيَقْتُلُونَ وَيُقْتَلُونَ وَعْدًا عَلَيْهِ حَقًّا فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنجِيلِ وَالقُرَآن وَمَنْ أَوْفَى بِعَهْدِهِ مِنْ اللَّهِ فاستبشروا بيعكم الَّذِي بَايَعْتُمْ بِهِ وَذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ) (٢)
-<blockquote>God has brought from the believers their selves and their possessions against [the gift of] Paradise. They fight in the way of God; they kill, and are killed; that is a promise binding upon God in the Torah and Gospel and the Qur'an; and who fulfills his covenant better than God? So rejoice in the bargain you have made with Him. That is the mightly triumph. [Q. 9:112]<BR><BR>
-And He said:<BR><BR>
+٩٧٤ - الله تعالى وقال (قاتلوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّةً (٣) كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَافَّةً وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ الله مع المتقين) (٤)
-Fight the polytheists totally as they fight you totally; and know that God is with the godfearing. [Q. 9:36]<BR><BR>
-And He said:<BR><BR>
+٩٧٥ - وقال (اقتلوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ (٥) وَخُذُوهُمْ وَاحْصُرُوهُمْ وَاقْعُدُوا لَهُمْ كُلَّ مَرْصَدٍ فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوْا الزَّكَاةَ فَخَلُّوا سَبِيلَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ) (٦)
-Slay the polytheists wherever you find them, and take them, and confine them, and lie in ambush for them everywhere. But if they repent and perform the prayer and pay the zakat, then set them free. God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate. [Q. 9:5]<BR><BR>
-And He said:<BR><BR>
+٩٧٦ - وقال (قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ (٧) وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ ورسوله ولا يدينون دين الحق
-Fight those who do not believe in God nor in the Last Day, who do not forbid what God and His Apostle have made forbidden, and who do not practice the religion of truth, of those who have been given the Book, until they pay the jizya out of hand and have been humbled. [Q. 9:29]</blockquote><BR>
-. Abd al-Aziz b. Muhammad as-Darawardi told us from Muhammed b. Amr b. Alqama from Abu Salama [b. Abd al-Rahman] from Abu Hurayra, who said that the Apostle of God said:<BR><BR>
+من الذين أوتوا الكتاب حتى يعطوا الجزية عن يد وهم صاغرون) (١)
-<blockquote>I shall continue to fight the unbelievers until they say: "There is no god but God," if they make this pronouncement they shall be secured in their blood and property, unless taken for its price, and their reward shall be given by God.<BR><BR>
-And God, gloried by His praise, said:<BR><BR>
+٩٧٧ - (٢) أخبرنا عبد العزيز (٣) عن محمد بن عمرو (٤) عن أبي سَلَمَةَ (٥) عن أبي هريرة قال قال رسولُ الله لَا أزَالُ أُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إلَهَ إلاَّ اللهُ فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا عَصَمُوا (٦) مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إلاَّ بِحَقِّهَا وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللهِ (٧)
-O believers, what is the matter with you, that when it is said to you: "Go forth in the way of God," you sink down to the ground? Are you so content with this present life as to neglect the Here-after? The enjoyment of this life is little in comparison with the Hereafter. If you do not go forth, He will inflict upon you a painful punishment, and instead of you He will substitute another people; and you will not hurt Him at all, for God is powerful over everything. [Q. 9:38-39]<BR><BR>
-And he said:<BR><BR>
+٩٧٨ - وقال الله جَلَّ ثناؤه (مَا لَكُمْ إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمْ انفِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ (٨) اثَّاقَلْتُمْ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ أَرَضِيتُمْ بِالْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا مِنْ الْآخِرَةِ فَمَا مَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ إِلَّا تَنفِرُوا يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا وَيَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ وَلَا تَضُرُّوهُ شيئا والله على كل شئ قدير) (٩)
-Go forth, light and heavy! Struggle in God's way with your possessions and yourselves! That is better for you, did you but know. [Q. 9:41]</blockquote><BR>
-. Shafi'i said: These communications mean that the jihad, and rising up in arms in particular, is obligatory for all able-bodied [believers], exempting no one, just as prayer, pilgrimage and [payment of] alms are performed, and no person is permitted to perform the duty for another, since performance by one will not fulfil the duty for another. They may also mean that the duty of [jihad] is a collective (kifaya) duty different from that of prayer: Those who perform it in the war against the polytheists will fulfill their duty and reciever the supererogatory merit, thereby preventing those who stayed behind from falling into error. But God has not put the two [categories of men] on equal footing, for He said:<BR><BR>
+٩٧٩ - (انفروا خفافا وثقالا (١٠) وجاهدوا بأموالكم
-<blockquote>Such believers who sit at home - unless they have an injury - are not the equals of those who fight in the path of God with their possessions and their selves. God has given precedence to those who fight with their possessions and their selves over those who sit at home. Hod has promised the best of things to both, and He has preferred those who fight over those who fit at home by [granting them] a might reward. [Q. 4:97]</blockquote>
-. . . <BR><BR>
+وَأَنفُسِكُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إن كنتم تعلمون) (١)
-So far as I have been informed, the Muslims have continued to act as I have stated, from the time of the Prophet to the present. Only a few men must know the law, attend the funeral service, perform the jihad and respond to greeting, while others are exempt. So those who know the law, perform the jihad, attend the funeral service, and respond to a greeting will be rewarded, while others do not fall into error since a sufficient number fulfill the [collective] duty.<ref>Excerpted from Majid Khadduri, trans., ''al-Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shaf'i's al-Risala fi us ul al-fiqh: Treatise on the Foundations of Islamic Jurisprudence'' (Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1997), pp. 82-87.</ref>}}
+٩٨٠ - قال (٢) فاحتملت الآيات أن يكون الجهاد كلُّه والنفيرُ خاصة منه على كل مُطِيقٍ له لا يَسَعُ أحَدًا منهم التخَلُّف عنه كما كانت الصلوات والحجُّ والزَّكاة فلم يخرج أحَدٌ (٣) وجب عليه فرض منها (٤) أنْ يؤدِّيَ غيرُهُ الفرْضَ عن نفسه لأنَّ عَمَلَ أحَدٍ (٥) في هذا لا يُكْتب لغيره
+٩٨١ - واحتملت أن يكون معنى فرْضِها غيرَ معنى فرْضِ الصلوات وذلك أن يكون قُصِدَ بالفرض فيها (٦) قصْدَ الكِفاية فيكونَُ مَن قام بالكفاية في جهاد مَنْ جُوهِدَ مِن المشركين مُدْرِكًا تأديةَ الفرض ونافِلَةَ الفضْل ومُخْرِجًا مَن تَخَلَّفَ مِن المَأْثَمِ
+٩٨٢ - ولمْ يُسَوِّي (٧) اللهُ بينهما فقال الله (لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أول الضرر (٨) والمجاهدون في سبيل الله
+   }}
 ====Al-Ghazali (Algazel)====

الفرق بين المراجعتين لصفحة: «القرآن والحديث والعلماء: العلماء على الجهاد»

القرآن والحديث والعلماء: العلماء على الجهاد (عرض المصدر)

مراجعة ٠٦:٤٧، ١٠ يناير ٢٠٢٣

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