إذا تحب ويكي إسلام فيمكنك التبرع هنا الرجاء ان تدعم المسلمين السابقين في أمريكا الشمالية فهي المنظمة التي تستضيف وتدير هذا الموقع تبرع اليوم

الفرق بين المراجعتين لصفحة: «القرآن والحديث والعلماء: الموسيقى»

اذهب إلى التنقل اذهب إلى البحث
[مراجعة منقحة][مراجعة منقحة]
سطر ١٤٣: سطر ١٤٣:
{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=86&tSoraNo=31&tAyahNo=6&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Surah 31 Ayah 6]<BR>Asbab Al-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi, trans. Mokrane Guezzou|2=(And of mankind is he who payeth for mere pastime of discourse…) [31:6]. Al-Kalbi and Muqatil said: “This verse was revealed about al-Nadr ibn al-Harith. He used to travel to Persia for trade. He bought the events of non-Arabs and related them to the Quraysh, saying: ‘Muhammad relates to you the events of ‘Ad and Thamud, and I relate to you the events of Rustum and Isfindiyar and the Chosroes’. They found his tales more entertaining and they shunned listening to the Qur’an, and so this verse was revealed”. Mujahid said: “'''This verse was revealed about the buying of slave-girls and songstresses'''”. Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Muqri’ informed us> Muhammad ibn al-Fadl ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Khuzaymah> his grandfather> ‘Ali ibn Hujr> Mishma‘ill ibn Milhan al-Ta’i> Muttarih ibn Yazid> ‘Ubayd Allah ibn Zahr> ‘Ali ibn Yazid> al-Qasim> Abu Umamah who reported that the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: “'''It is forbidden to teach songstresses [to sing] or to sell songstresses, and the price gotten from selling them is unlawful. It is about the like of this that this verse was revealed (And of mankind is he who payeth for mere pastime of discourse, that he may mislead from Allah’s way without knowledge…) up to the end of the verse. No man raises his voice to sing except that Allah, exalted is He, sends him two devils, one on each side, who will keep banging with their feet until it is him who keeps quiet'''”. Thuwayr ibn Abi Fakhitah reported from his father that Ibn ‘Abbas said: “'''This verse was revealed about a man who bought a slave-girl who sang''' to him day and night”.}}
{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=86&tSoraNo=31&tAyahNo=6&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Surah 31 Ayah 6]<BR>Asbab Al-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi, trans. Mokrane Guezzou|2=(And of mankind is he who payeth for mere pastime of discourse…) [31:6]. Al-Kalbi and Muqatil said: “This verse was revealed about al-Nadr ibn al-Harith. He used to travel to Persia for trade. He bought the events of non-Arabs and related them to the Quraysh, saying: ‘Muhammad relates to you the events of ‘Ad and Thamud, and I relate to you the events of Rustum and Isfindiyar and the Chosroes’. They found his tales more entertaining and they shunned listening to the Qur’an, and so this verse was revealed”. Mujahid said: “'''This verse was revealed about the buying of slave-girls and songstresses'''”. Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Muqri’ informed us> Muhammad ibn al-Fadl ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Khuzaymah> his grandfather> ‘Ali ibn Hujr> Mishma‘ill ibn Milhan al-Ta’i> Muttarih ibn Yazid> ‘Ubayd Allah ibn Zahr> ‘Ali ibn Yazid> al-Qasim> Abu Umamah who reported that the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: “'''It is forbidden to teach songstresses [to sing] or to sell songstresses, and the price gotten from selling them is unlawful. It is about the like of this that this verse was revealed (And of mankind is he who payeth for mere pastime of discourse, that he may mislead from Allah’s way without knowledge…) up to the end of the verse. No man raises his voice to sing except that Allah, exalted is He, sends him two devils, one on each side, who will keep banging with their feet until it is him who keeps quiet'''”. Thuwayr ibn Abi Fakhitah reported from his father that Ibn ‘Abbas said: “'''This verse was revealed about a man who bought a slave-girl who sang''' to him day and night”.}}


===الآراء الديثة===
===الآراء الحديثة===


====محمد صالح المنجد====
====محمد صالح المنجد====


{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/5000|2=2011-11-30}} Ruling on music, singing and dancing]<BR>Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid, Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 5000|2=Ma’aazif is the plural of mi’zafah, and refers to musical instruments (Fath al-Baari, 10/55), instruments which are played (al-Majmoo’, 11/577). Al-Qurtubi (may Allaah have mercy on him) narrated from al-Jawhari (may Allaah have mercy on him) that ma’aazif means singing. In his Sihaah  it says that it means musical instruments. It was also said that it refers to the sound of the instruments. In al-Hawaashi by al-Dimyaati (may Allaah have mercy on him) it says: ma’aazif means drums (dufoof, sing. daff) and other instruments which are struck or beaten (Fath al-Baari, 10/55).
{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/5000/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B530}} Ruling on music, singing and dancing]<BR>Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid, Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 5000|2=الحمد لله.


Evidence of prohibition in the Qur’aan and Sunnah:  
"المعازف" جمع معزفة، وهي آلات الملاهي ( فتح الباري 10/55 ) ، وهي الآلة التي يعزف بها ( المجموع 11/577 ) ، ونقل القرطبي رحمه الله عن الجوهري  رحمه الله أن المعازف الغناء ، والذي في صحاحه : آلات اللهو . وقيل : أصوات الملاهي . وفي حواشي الدمياطي رحمه الله : المعازف بالدفوف وغيرها مما يضرب به ( فتح الباري 10/55 ) .


Allaah says in Soorat Luqmaan (interpretation of the meaning):
أدلة التحريم من الكتاب والسنة :


“And of mankind is he who purchases idle talks (i.e. music, singing) to mislead (men) from the path of Allaah…” [Luqmaan 31:6]
قال الله تعالى في سورة لقمان : " ومن الناس من يشتري لهو الحديث ليضل عن سبيل الله " ، قال حبر الأمة ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما : هو الغناء ، وقال مجاهد رحمه الله : اللهو الطبل ( تفسير الطبري 21/40 ) ، وقال الحسن البصري رحمه الله : نزلت هذه الآية في الغناء والمزامير ( تفسير ابن كثير 3/451 ) ، وقال السعدي رحمه الله : فدخل في هذا كل كلام محرم ، وكل لغو وباطل ، وهذيان من الأقوال المرغبة في الكفر والعصيان ، ومن أقوال الرادين على الحق المجادلين بالباطل ليدحضوا به الحق ، ومن غيبة ونميمة وكذب وشتم وسب ، ومن غناء ومزامير شيطان ، ومن الماجريات الملهية التي لا نفع فيها في دين ولا دنيا ( تفسير السعدي 6/150 ) ، قال ابن القيم رحمه الله : ( ويكفي تفسير الصحابة والتابعين للهو الحديث بأنه الغناء فقد صح ذلك عن ابن عباس وابن مسعود ، قال أبو الصهباء : سألت ابن مسعود عن قوله تعالى : " ومن الناس من يشتري لهو الحديث " ، فقال : والله الذي لا إله غيره هو الغناء - يرددها ثلاث مرات - ، وصح عن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما أيضا أنه الغناء ، ولا تعارض بين تفسير لهو الحديث بالغناء وتفسيره بأخبار الأعاجم وملوكهم وملوك الروم ونحو ذلك مما كان النضر بن الحارث يحدث به أهل مكة يشغلهم به عن القرآن ، وكلاهما لهو الحديث ، ولهذا قال ابن عباس : لهو الحديث الباطل والغناء ، فمن الصحابة من ذكر هذا ومنهم من ذكر الآخر ومنهم من جمعهما ، والغناء أشد لهوا وأعظم ضررا من أحاديث الملوك وأخبارهم فإنه رقية الزنا ومنبت النفاق وشرك الشيطان وخمرة العقل ، وصده عن القرآن أعظم من صد غيره من الكلام الباطل لشدة ميل النفوس إليه ورغبتها فيه ، فإن الآيات تضمنت ذم استبدال لهو الحديث بالقرآن ليضل عن سبيل الله بغير علم ويتخذها هزوا ، وإذا يتلى عليه القرآن ولى مدبرا كأن لم يسمعه كأن في أذنيه وقراً ، هو الثقل والصمم ، وإذا علم منه شيئا استهزأ به ، فمجموع هذا لا يقع إلا من أعظم الناس كفرا وإن وقع بعضه للمغنين ومستمعيهم فلهم حصة ونصيب من هذا الذم ) إغاثة اللهفان 1/258-259


The scholar of the ummah, Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: this means singing. Mujaahid (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: this means playing the drum (tabl). (Tafseer al-Tabari, 21/40).
وقال تعالى : " واستفزز من استطعت منهم بصوتك "


Al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: this aayah was revealed concerning singing and musical instruments (lit. woodwind instruments). (Tafseer Ibn Katheer, 3/451).
عن مجاهد رحمه الله قال : استنزل منهم من استطعت ، قال : وصوته الغناء والباطل ، قال ابن القيم رحمه الله : ( وهذه الإضافة إضافة تخصيص كما أن إضافة الخيل والرجل إليه كذلك ، فكل متكلم في غير طاعة الله أو مصوت بيراع أو مزمار أو دف حرام أو طبل فذلك صوت الشيطان ، وكل ساع إلى معصية الله على قدميه فهو من رَجِله وكل راكب في معصيته فهو من خيالته ، كذلك قال السلف كما ذكر ابن أبي حاتم عن ابن عباس : رجله كل رجل مشت في معصية الله ) إغاثة اللهفان .


Al-Sa’di (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: this includes all manner of haraam speech, all idle talk and falsehood, and all nonsense that encourages kufr and disobedience; the words of those who say things to refute the truth and argue in support of falsehood to defeat the truth; and backbiting, slander, lies, insults and curses; the singing and musical instruments of the Shaytaan; and musical instruments which are of no spiritual or worldly benefit. (Tafseer al-Sa’di, 6/150)
وقال تعالى : " أفمن هذا الحديث تعجبون ، وتضحكون ولا تبكون ، وأنتم سامدون "


Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: The interpretation of the Sahaabah and Taabi’in, that ‘idle talk’ refers to singing, is sufficient. This was reported with saheeh isnaads from Ibn ‘Abbaas and Ibn Mas’ood. Abu’l-Sahbaa’ said: I asked Ibn Mas’ood about the aayah (interpretation of the meaning), ‘“And of mankind is he who purchases idle talks’ [Luqmaan 31:6]. He said: By Allaah, besides Whom there is no other god, this means singing – and he repeated it three times. It was also reported with a saheeh isnaad from Ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with them both) that this means singing. There is no contradiction between the interpretation of “idle talk” as meaning singing and the interpretation of it as meaning stories of the Persians and their kings, and the kings of the Romans, and so on, such as al-Nadr ibn al-Haarith used to tell to the people of Makkah to distract them from the Qur’aan. Both of them are idle talk. Hence Ibn ‘Abbaas said: “Idle talk” is falsehood and singing. Some of the Sahaabah said one and some said the other, and some said both. Singing is worse and more harmful than stories of kings, because it leads to zinaa and makes hypocrisy grow (in the heart); it is the trap of the Shaytaan, and it clouds the mind. The way in which it blocks people from the Qur’aan is worse than the way in which other kinds of false talk block them, because people are naturally inclined towards it and tend to want to listen to it. The aayaat condemn replacing the Qur’aan with idle talk in order to mislead (men) from the path of Allaah without knowledge and taking it as a joke, because when an aayah of the Qur’aan is recited to such a person, he turns his back as if he heard them not, as if there were deafness in his ear. If he hears anything of it, he makes fun of it. All of this happens only in the case of the people who are most stubbornly kaafirs and if some of it happens to singers and those who listen to them, they both have a share of this blame. (Ighaathat al-Lahfaan, 1/258-259).  
قال عكرمة رحمه الله : عن ابن عباس السمود الغناء في لغة حِميَر ، يقال : اسمدي لنا أي غني ، وقال رحمه الله : كانوا إذا سمعوا القرآن تغنوا فنزلت هذه الآية ، وقال ابن كثير رحمه الله : وقوله تعالى " وأنتم سامدون " قال سفيان الثوري عن أبيه عن ابن عباس قال : الغناء ، هي يمانية ، اسمد لنا غنِّ لنا ، وكذلك قال عكرمة . تفسير ابن كثير .


Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):  
عن أبي أمامة رضي الله عنه عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " لا تبيعوا القينات ، ولا تشتروهن ولا تعلموهن ، ولا خير في تجارة فيهن ، وثمنهن حرام ، في مثل هذا أنزلت هذه الآية : " ومن الناس من يشتري لهو الحديث ليضل عن سبيل الله " حسن .


“[Allaah said to Iblees:] And befool them gradually those whom you can among them with your voice (i.e. songs, music, and any other call for Allaah’s disobedience)…” [al-Israa’ 17:64]
قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " ليكونن من أمتي أقوام يستحلون الحر والحرير والخمر والمعازف .. " الحديث ، ( رواه البخاري تعليقا برقم 5590 ، ووصله الطبراني والبيهقي ، وراجع السلسلة الصحيحة للألباني 91 ) ، قال ابن القيم رحمه الله : ( هذا حديث صحيح أخرجه البخاري في صحيحه محتجا به وعلقه تعليقا مجزوما به فقال : باب ما جاء فيمن يستحل الخمر ويسميه بغير اسمه ) ، وفي الحديث دليل على تحريم آلات العزف والطرب من وجهين ؛ أولهما : قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " يستحلون " ، فإنه صريح بأن المذكورات ومنها المعازف هي في الشرع محرمة ، فيستحلها أولئك القوم . ثانيا : قرن المعازف مع المقطوع حرمته وهو الزنا والخمر ، ولو لم تكن محرمة لما قرنها معها ( السلسلة الصحيحة للألباني 1/140-141 بتصرف ) ، قال شيخ الإسلام رحمه الله : فدل هذا الحديث على تحريم المعازف ، والمعازف هي آلات اللهو عند أهل اللغة ، وهذا اسم يتناول هذه الآلات كلها . ( المجموع 11/535 ) ، وقال ابن القيم رحمه الله : ( وفي الباب عن سهل بن سعد الساعدي وعمران بن حصين وعبد الله بن عمرو وعبد الله بن عباس وأبي هريرة وأبي أمامة الباهلي وعائشة أم المؤمنين وعلي بن أبي طالب وأنس بن مالك وعبد الرحمن بن سابط والغازي بن ربيعة ) ثم ذكرها في إغاثة اللهفان وهي تدل على التحريم .


It was narrated that Mujaahid (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: “And befool them gradually those whom you can among them with your voice” – his voice [the voice of Iblees/Shaytaan] is singing and falsehood. Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: This idaafah [possessive or genitive construction, i.e., your voice] serves to make the meaning specific, as with the phrases [translated as] “your cavalry” and “your infantry” [later in the same aayah]. Everyone who speaks in any way that is not obedient to Allaah, everyone who blows into a flute or other woodwind instrument, or who plays any haraam kind of drum, this is the voice of the Shaytaan. Everyone who walks to commit some act of disobedience towards Allaah is part of his [the Shaytaan’s] infantry, and anyone who rides to commit sin is part of his cavalry. This is the view of the Salaf, as Ibn ‘Abi Haatim narrated from Ibn ‘Abbaas: his infantry is everyone who walks to disobey Allaah. (Ighaathat al-Lahfaan).  
عن نافع رحمه الله قال : " سمع ابن عمر مزمارا ، قال : فوضع إصبعيه على أذنيه ، ونأى عن الطريق ، وقال لي : يا نافع هل تسمع شيئا ؟ قال : فقلت : لا ، قال : فرفع إصبعيه من أذنيه ، وقال : كنت مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فسمع مثل هذا ، فصنع مثل هذا " صحيح أبي داود ؛ وقد زعم قزم أن هذا الحديث ليس دليلا على التحريم ، إذ لو كان كذلك لأمر الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما بسد أذنيه ، ولأمر ابن عمر نافعا كذلك ! فيجاب : بأنه لم يكن يستمع ، وإنما كان يسمع ، وهناك فرق بين السامع والمستمع ، قال شيخ الإسلام رحمه الله : ( أما ما لم يقصده الإنسان من الاستماع فلا يترتب عليه نهي ولا ذم باتفاق الأئمة ، ولهذا إنما يترتب الذم والمدح على الاستماع لا السماع ، فالمستمع للقرآن يثاب عليه ، والسامع له من غير قصد ولا إرادة لا يثاب على ذلك ، إذ الأعمال بالنيات ، وكذلك ما ينهى عنه من الملاهي ، لو سمعه بدون قصد لم يضره ذلك ) المجموع 10 / 78 ؛ قال ابن قدامة المقدسي رحمه الله : والمستمع هو الذي يقصد السماع ، ولم يوجد هذا من ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما ، وإنما وجد منه السماع ، ولأن بالنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم حاجة إلى معرفة انقطاع الصوت عنه لأنه عدل عن الطريق ، وسد أذنيه ، فلم يكن ليرجع إلى الطريق ، ولا يرفع إصبعيه عن أذنيه حتى ينقطع الصوت عنه ، فأبيح للحاجة . ( المغني 10 / 173 ) ( ولعل السماع المذكور في كلام الإمامين مكروه ، أبيح للحاجة كما سيأتي في قول الإمام مالك رحمه الله والله أعلم ) .


Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
أقوال أئمة الإسلام :


“Do you then wonder at this recitation (the Qur’aan)?
قال القاسم رحمه الله : الغناء من الباطل ، وقال الحسن رحمه الله : إن كان في الوليمة لهو ، فلا دعوة لهم . الجامع للقيرواني ص 262-263 .


And you laugh at it and weep not,
قال شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية رحمه الله : ( مذهب الأئمة الأربعة أن آلات اللهو كلها حرام ، ثبت في صحيح البخاري وغيره أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أخبر أنه سيكون من أمته من يستحل الحر والحرير والخمر والمعازف ، وذكر أنهم يمسخون قردة وخنازير ، .. ولم يذكر أحد من أتباع الأئمة في آلات اللهو نزاعا ) المجموع 11/576 ، قال الألباني رحمه الله : اتفقت المذاهب الأربعة على تحريم آلات الطرب كلها . الصحيحة 1/145 .


Wasting your (precious) lifetime in pastime and amusements (singing)”
قال ابن القيم رحمه الله : ( مذهب أبي حنيفة في ذلك من أشد المذاهب ، وقوله فيه من أغلظ الأقوال ، وقد صرح أصحابه بتحريم سماع الملاهي كلها كالمزمار والدف ، حتى الضرب بالقضيب ، وصرحوا بأنه معصية يوجب الفسق وترد بها الشهادة ، وأبلغ من ذلك أنهم قالوا : أن السماع فسق والتلذذ به كفر ، هذا لفظهم ، ورووا في ذلك حديثا لا يصح رفعه ، قالوا : ويجب عليه أن يجتهد في أن لا يسمعه إذا مر به أو كان في جواره ، وقال أبو يوسف في دار يسمع منها صوت المعازف والملاهي : ادخل عليهم بغير إذنهم لأن النهي عن المنكر فرض ، فلو لم يجز الدخول بغير إذن لامتنع الناس من إقامة الفرض ) إغاثة اللهفان 1/425 .


[al-Najm 53:59-61]
وسئل الإمام مالك رحمه الله عن ضرب الطبل والمزمار ، ينالك سماعه وتجد له لذة في طريق أو مجلس ؟ قال : فليقم إذا التذ لذلك ، إلا أن يكون جلس لحاجة ، أو لا يقدر أن يقوم ، وأما الطريق فليرجع أو يتقدم . ( الجامع للقيرواني 262 ) ، وقال رحمه الله : إنما يفعله عندنا الفساق ( تفسير القرطبي 14/55 ) ، قال ابن عبد البر رحمه الله : من المكاسب المجمع على تحريمها الربا ومهور البغايا والسحت والرشا وأخذا الأجرة على النياحة والغناء وعلى الكهانة وادعاء الغيب وأخبار السماء وعلى الزمر واللعب الباطل كله . ( الكافي ) .


‘Ikrimah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: it was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbaas that al-sumood [verbal noun from saamidoon, translated here as “Wasting your (precious) lifetime in pastime and amusements (singing)”] means “singing”, in the dialect of Himyar; it might be said “Ismidi lanaa” [‘sing for us’ – from the same root as saamidoon/sumood] meaning “ghaniy” [sing]. And he said (may Allaah have mercy on him): When they [the kuffaar] heard the Qur’aan, they would sing, then this aayah was revealed.
قال ابن القيم رحمه الله في بيان مذهب الإمام الشافعي رحمه الله : ( وصرح أصحابه العارفون بمذهبه بتحريمه وأنكروا على من نسب إليه حله ) ( إغاثة اللهفان 1/425 ) ، وقد عد صاحب كفاية الأخبار ، من الشافعية ، الملاهي من زمر وغيره منكرا ، ويجب على من حضر إنكاره ، وقال : ( ولا يسقط عنه الإنكار بحضور فقهاء السوء ، فإنهم مفسدون للشريعة ، ولا بفقراء الرجس - يقصد الصوفية لأنهم يسمون أنفسهم بالفقراء - فإنهم جهلة أتباع كل ناعق ، لا يهتدون بنور العلم ويميلون مع كل ريح ) ( كفاية الأخيار 2/128 ) .


Ibn Katheer (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning) “Wasting your (precious) lifetime in pastime and amusements (singing)” – Sufyaan al-Thawri said, narrating from his father from Ibn ‘Abbaas: (this means) singing. This is Yemeni (dialect): ismad lana means ghan lana [sing to us]. This was also the view of ‘Ikrimah. (Tafseer Ibn Katheer).  
قال ابن القيم رحمه الله : ( وأما مذهب الإمام أحمد فقال عبد الله ابنه : سألت أبي عن الغناء فقال : الغناء ينبت النفاق بالقلب ، لا يعجبني ، ثم ذكر قول مالك : إنما يفعله عندنا الفساق ) ( إغاثة اللهفان ) ، وقال ابن قدامة - محقق المذهب الحنبلي - رحمه الله : ( الملاهي ثلاثة أضرب ؛ محرم ، وهو ضرب الأوتار والنايات والمزامير كلها ، والعود والطنبور والمعزفة والرباب ونحوها ، فمن أدام استماعها ردت شهادته ) ( المغني 10/173 ) ، وقال رحمه الله : ( وإذا دعي إلى وليمة فيها منكر ، كالخمر والزمر ، فأمكنه الإنكار ، حضر وأنكر ، لأنه يجمع بين واجبين ، وإن لم يمكنه لا يحضر ) ( الكافي 3/118 ) .


It was reported from Abu Umaamah (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Do not sell singing slave women, do not buy them and do not teach them. There is nothing good in this trade, and their price is haraam. Concerning such things as this the aayah was revealed (interpretation of the meaning): ‘And of mankind is he who purchases idle talks (i.e. music, singing) to mislead (men) from the path of Allaah…’ [Luqmaan 31:6].” (Hasan hadeeth)
قال الطبري رحمه الله : ( فقد أجمع علماء الأمصار على كراهة الغناء والمنع منه وإنما فارق الجماعة إبراهيم بن سعد وعبيد الله العنبري ، وقد قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " عليك بالسواد الأعظم " ، ومن فارق الجماعة مات ميتة جاهلية " ) ( تفسير القرطبي 14/56 ) . وقد كان لفظ الكراهة يستخدم لمعنى الحرمة في القرون المتقدمة ثم غلب عليه معنى التنزيه ، ويحمل هذا على التحريم لقوله : والمنع منه ، فإنه لا يمنع عن أمر غير محرم ، ولذكره الحديثين وفيهما الزجر الشديد ، والقرطبي رحمه الله هو الذي نقل هذا الأثر ، وهو القائل بعد هذا : ( قال ابو الفرج وقال القفال من أصحابنا : لا تقبل شهادة المغني والرقاص ، قلت : وإذا ثبت أن هذا الأمر لا يجوز فأخذ الأجرة عليه لا تجوز ) ، قال الشيخ الفوزان حفظه الله : ( ما أباحه ابراهيم بن سعد وعبيد الله العنبري من الغناء ليس هو كالغناء المعهود .. فحاشا هذين المذكورين أن يبيحا مثل هذا الغناء الذي هو غاية في الانحطاط ومنتى الرذالة ) الإعلام.


The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:  
وقال ابن تيمية رحمه الله : ( لا يجوز صنع آلات الملاهي ) ( المجموع 22/140 ) ، وقال رحمه الله : ( آلات الملاهي ، مثل الطنبور ، يجوز إتلافها عند أكثر الفقهاء ، وهو مذهب مالك وأشهر الروايتين عند أحمد ) ( المجموع 28/113 ) ، وقال : ( الوجه السادس : أنه ذكر ابن المنذر اتفاق العلماء على المنع من إجارة الغناء والنوح فقال : أجمع كل من نحفظ عنه من أهل العلم على إبطال النائحة والمغنية ، كره ذلك الشعبي والنخعي ومالك وقال أبو ثور والنعمان - أبو حنيفة رحمه الله - ويعقوب ومحمد - تلميذي أبي حنيفة رحمهم الله - : لا تجوز الإجارة على شيء من الغناء والنوح وبه نقول ) وقال : ( والمعازف خمر النفوس ، تفعل بالنفوس أعظم مما تفعل حميا الكؤوس ) ( مجموع الفتاوى 10/417 ) .


“Among my ummah there will certainly be people who permit zinaa, silk, alcohol and musical instruments…” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari ta’leeqan, no. 5590; narrated as mawsool by al-Tabaraani and al-Bayhaqi. See al-Silsilah al-Saheehah by al-Albaani, 91).  
وأخرج ابن أبي شيبة رحمه الله : أن رجلا كسر طنبورا لرجل ، فخاصمه إلى شريح فلم يضمنه شيئا - أي لم يوجب عليه القيمة لأنه محرم لا قيمة له - . ( المصنف 5/395 ) .


Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: This is a saheeh hadeeth narrated by al-Bukhaari in his Saheeh, where he quoted it as evidence and stated that it is mu’allaq and majzoom. He said: Chapter on what was narrated concerning those who permit alcohol and call it by another name.  
وأفتى البغوي رحمه الله بتحريم بيع جميع آلات اللهو والباطل مثل الطنبور والمزمار والمعازف كلها ، ثم قال : ( فإذا طمست الصور ، وغيرت آلات اللهو عن حالتها ، فيجوز بيع جواهرها وأصولها ، فضة كانت أو حديد أو خشبا أو غيرها ) ( شرح السنة 8/28 ) .


This hadeeth indicates in two ways that musical instruments and enjoyment of listening to music are haraam. The first is the fact that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “[they] permit” which clearly indicates that the things mentioned, including musical instruments, are haraam according to sharee’ah, but those people will permit them. The second is the fact that musical instruments are mentioned alongside things which are definitely known to be haraam, i.e., zinaa and alcohol: if they (musical instruments) were not haraam, why would they be mentioned alongside these things? (adapted from al-Silsilah al-Saheehah by al-Albaani, 1/140-141)
استثناء حق


Shaykh al-Islam (Ibn Taymiyah) (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: This hadeeth indicates that ma’aazif are haraam, and ma’aazif means musical instruments according to the scholars of (Arabic) language. This word includes all such instruments. (al-Majmoo’, 11/535).
ويستثنى من ذلك الدف - بغير خلخال - في الأعياد والنكاح للنساء ، وقد دلت عليه الأدلة الصحيحة ، قال شيخ الإسلام رحمه الله : ( ولكن رخص النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في أنواع من اللهو في العرس ونحوه كما رخص للنساء أن يضربن بالدف في الأعراس والأفراح ، وأما الرجال على عهده فلم يكن أحد على عهده يضرب بدف ولا يصفق بكف ، بل ثبت عنه في الصحيح أنه قال : " التصفيق للنساء والتسبيح للرجال ، ولعن المتشبهات من النساء بالرجال والمتشبهين من الرجال بالنساء " ، ولما كان الغناء والضرب بالدف من عمل النساء كان السلف يسمون من يفعل ذلك من الرجال مخنثا ، ويسمون الرجال المغنين مخانيث - ما أكثرهم في هذا الزمان - وهذا مشهور في كلامهم ، ومن هذا الباب حديث عائشة رضي الله عنها لما دخل عليها أبوها رضي الله عنه في أيام العيد وعندها جاريتان - أي صغيرتان - تغنيان بما تقاولت به الأنصار يوم بعاث - ولعل العاقل يدرك ما يقوله الناس في الحرب - فقال أبو بكر رضي الله عنه : " أبمزمار الشيطان في بيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " وكان رسول الله معرضا بوجهه عنهما مقبلا بوجهه الكريم إلى الحائط - ولذلك قال بعض العلماء أن أبا بكر رضي الله عنه ما كان ليزجر احدا أو ينكر عليه بين يدي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، ولكنه ظن أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم غير منتبه لما يحصل والله أعلم - فقال : " دعهما يا أبا بكر فإن لكل قوم عيدا وهذا عيدنا أهل الإسلام " ففي هذا الحديث بيان أن هذا لم يكن من عادة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه الاجتماع عليه ، ولهذا سماه الصديق مزمار الشيطان - فالنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أقر هذه التسمية ولم يبطلها حيث أنه قال " دعهما فإن لكل قوم عيدا وهذا عيدنا " ، فأشار ذلك أن السبب في إباحته هو كون الوقت عيدا ، فيفهم من ذلك أن التحريم باق في غير العيد إلا ما استثني من عرس في أحاديث أخرى ، وقد فصل ذلك الشيخ الألباني رحمه الله في كتابه النفيس تحريم آلات الطرب - ، والنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أقر الجواري في الأعياد كما في الحديث : " ليعلم المشركون أن في ديننا فسحة " ، وليس في حديث الجاريتين أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم استمع إلى ذلك ، والأمر والنهي إنما يتعلق بالاستماع لا بمجرد السماع كما في الرؤية فإنه إنما يتعلق بقصد الرؤية لا بما يحصل منها بغير الاختيار ) ، فتبين أنه للنساء فقط ، حتى أن الإمام أبا عبيد رحمه الله ، عرف الدف قائلا : فهو الذي يضرب به النساء . ( غريب الحديث 3/64 ) - فينبغي لبعضهم الخروج بالحجاب الشرعي - .


Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: And concerning the same topic similar comments were narrated from Sahl ibn Sa’d al-Saa’idi, ‘Imraan ibn Husayn, ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Amr, ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Abbaas, Abu Hurayrah, Abu Umaamah al-Baahili, ‘Aa’ishah Umm al-Mu’mineen, ‘Ali ibn Abi Taalib, Anas ibn Maalik, ‘Abd al-Rahmaan ibn Saabit and al-Ghaazi ibn Rabee’ah. Then he mentioned it in Ighaathat al-Lahfaan, and it indicates that they (musical instruments) are haraam.
استثناء باطل


It was narrated that Naafi’ (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: Ibn ‘Umar heard a woodwind instrument, and he put his fingers in his ears and kept away from that path. He said to me, O Naafi’, can you hear anything? I said, No. So he took his fingers away from his ears and said: I was with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and he heard something like this, and he did the same thing. (Saheeh Abi Dawood). Some insignificant person said that this hadeeth does not prove that musical instruments are haraam, because if that were so, the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) would have instructed Ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with them both) to put his fingers in his ears as well, and Ibn ‘Umar would have instructed Naafi’ to do likewise! The response to this is: He was not listening to it, but he could hear it. There is a difference between listening and hearing. Shaykh al-Islam (Ibn Taymiyah) (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: Concerning (music) which a person does not intend to listen to, there is no prohibition or blame, according to scholarly consensus. Hence blame or praise is connected to listening, not to hearing. The one who listens to the Qur’aan will be rewarded for it, whereas the one who hears it without intending or wanting to will not be rewarded for that, because actions are judged by intentions. The same applies to musical instruments which are forbidden: if a person hears them without intending to, that does not matter. (al-Majmoo’, 10/78).
استثنى بعضهم الطبل في الحرب ، وألحق به بعض المعاصرين الموسيقى العسكرية ، ولا وجه لذلك البتة ، لأمور ؛ أولها : انه تخصيص لأحاديث التحريم بلا مخصص ، سوى مجرد الرأي والاستحسان وهو باطل ، ثانيهما : أن المفترض على المسلمين في حالة الحرب ، أن يقبلوا بقلوبهم على ربهم ، قال تعالى : " يسألونك عن الأنفال قل الأنفال لله والرسول فاتقوا الله وأصلحوا ذات بينكم " واستعمال الموسيقى يفسد عليهم ذلك ، ويصرفهم عن ذكر ربهم ، ثالثا : أن استعمالها من عادة الكفار ، فلا يجوز التشبه بهم ، لاسيما في ما حرمه الله تبارك تعالى علينا تحريما عاما كالموسيقى . ( الصحيحة 1/145 ) .


Ibn Qudaamah al-Maqdisi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: the listener is the one who intends to hear, which was not the case with Ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with them both); what happened in his case was hearing. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) needed to know when the sound stopped because he had moved away from that path and blocked his ears. So he did not want to go back to that path or unblock his ears until the noise had stopped, so when he allowed Ibn ‘Umar to continue hearing it, this was because of necessity.
( ما ضل قوم بعد هدى كانوا عليه إلا أوتوا الجدل ) صحيح


(al-Mughni, 10/173)  
استدل بعضهم بحديث لعب الحبشة في مسجده صلى الله عليه وسلم في إباحة الغناء ! ترجم البخاري رحمه الله على هذا الحديث في صحيحه : ( باب الحراب والدرق يوم العيد ) ، قال النووي رحمه الله : فيه جواز اللعب بالسلاح ونحوه من آلات الحرب في المسجد ، ويلتحق به ما في معناه من الأسباب المعينة على الجهاد . ( شرح مسلم ) ، ولكن كما قال الحافظ ابن حجر رحمه الله : من تكلم في غير فنه أتى بمثل هذه العجائب .


(Even though the hearing referred to in the comments of the two imaams is makrooh, it was permitted because of necessity, as we will see below in the comments of Imaam Maalik (may Allaah have mercy on him). And Allaah knows best).
واستدل بعضهم بحديث غناء الجاريتين ، وقد سبق الكلام عليه ، لكن نسوق كلام ابن القيم رحمه الله لأنه قيم : ( وأعجب من هذا استدلالكم على إباحة السماع المركب مما ذكرنا من الهيئة الاجتماعية بغناء بنتين صغيرتين دون البلوغ عند امرأة صبية في يوم عيد وفرح بأبيات من أبيات العرب في وصف الشجاعة والحروب ومكارم الأخلاق والشيم ، فأين هذا من هذا ، والعجيب أن هذا الحديث من أكبر الحجج عليهم ، فإن الصديق الأكبر رضي الله عنه سمى ذلك مزمورا من مزامير الشيطان ، وأقره رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم على هذه التسمية ، ورخص فيه لجويريتين غير مكلفتين ولا مفسدة في إنشادهما ولاستماعهما ، أفيدل هذا على إباحة ما تعملونه وتعلمونه من السماع المشتمل على ما لا يخفى ؟! فسبحان الله كيف ضلت العقول والأفهام ) ( مدارج السالكين 1/493 ) ، وقال ابن الجوزي رحمه الله : وقد كانت عائشة رضي الله عنها صغيرة في ذلك الوقت  ،و لم ينقل عنها بعد بلوغها وتحصيلها إلا ذم الغناء ، قد كان ابن أخيها القاسم بن محمد يذم الغناء ويمنع من سماعه وقد أخذ العلم عنها . ( تلبيس إبليس 229 ) . وقال الحافظ ابن حجر رحمه الله : ( واستدل جماعة من الصوفية بحديث الباب - حديث الجاريتين - على إباحة الغناء وسماعه بآلة وبغير آلة ، ويكفي في رد ذلك تصريح عائشة في الحديث الذي في الباب بعده بقولها " وليستا بمغنيتين " ، فنفت عنهما بطريق المعنى ما أثبته لهما باللفظ .. فيقتصر على ما ورد فيه النص وقتا وكيفية تقليلا لمخالفة الأصل - أي الحديث - والله أعلم ) ( فتح الباري 2/442-443 )


The views of the scholars (imaams) of Islam
وقد تجرأ البعض بنسبة سماع الغناء إلى الصحابة والتابعين ، وأنهم لم يروا به بأسا !!


Al-Qaasim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: Singing is part of falsehood. Al-Hasan (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: if there is music involved in a dinner invitation (waleemah), do not accept the invitation (al-Jaami by al-Qayrawaani, p. 262-263).
قال الفوزان حفظه الله : ( نحن نطالبه بإبراز الأسانيد الصحيحة إلى هؤلاء الصحابة والتابعين بإثبات ما نسبه إليهم ) ، ثم قال : ( ذكر الإمام مسلم في مقدمة صحيحه عن عبد الله بن المبارك أنه قال : الإسناد من الدين ، ولولا الإسناد لقال من شاء ما شاء ) .


Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: The view of the four Imaams is that all kinds of musical instruments are haraam. It was reported in Saheeh al-Bukhaari and elsewhere that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said that there would be among his ummah those who would allow zinaa, silk, alcohol and musical instruments, and he said that they would be transformed into monkeys and pigs… None of the followers of the imaams mentioned any dispute concerning the matter of music. (al-Majmoo’, 11/576).  
وقال بعضهم أن جميع الأحاديث التي تحرم الغناء مثخنة بالجراح ، لم يسلم منها حديث من طعن عند فقهاء الحديث وعلمائه !! قال ابن باز رحمه الله : ( إن الأحاديث الواردة في تحريم الغناء ليست مثخنة بالجراح كما زعمت ، بل منها ما هو في صحيح البخاري الذي هو أصح كتاب بعد كتاب الله ، ومنها الحسن ومنها الضعيف ، وهي على كثرتها وتعدد مخارجها حجة ظاهرة وبرهان قاطع على تحريم الغناء والملاهي ) .


Al-Albaani (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: The four madhhabs are agreed that all musical instruments are haraam. (al-Saheehah, 1/145).
( وقد اتفق الأئمة على صحة أحاديث تحريم الغناء والمعازف إلا أبو حامد الغزالي ، والغزالي ما عرف علم الحديث ، وابن حزم ، وبين الألباني رحمه الله خطأه أوضح بيان ، وابن حزم نفسه قال أنه لو صح منها شيء لقال به ، ولكن من في هذا الزمن ثبتت لديهم صحة ذلك لما تكاثر من كتب أهل العلم ، وما تواتر عنهم من تصحيح هذه الأحاديث ، ولكنهم أعرضوا عنه ، فهم أشد من ابن حزم بكثير وليسوا مثله ، فهم ليسوا متأهلين ولا رجعوا لهم )


Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: The madhhab of Abu Haneefah is the strictest in this regard, and his comments are among the harshest. His companions clearly stated that it is haraam to listen to all musical instruments such as the flute and the drum, even tapping a stick. They stated that it is a sin which implies that a person is a faasiq (rebellious evil doer) whose testimony should be rejected. They went further than that and said that listening to music is fisq (rebellion, evildoing) and enjoying it is kufr (disbelief). This is their words. They narrated in support of that a hadeeth which could not be attributed to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). They said: he should try not to hear it if he passes by it or it is in his vicinity. Abu Yoosuf said, concerning a house from which could be heard the sound of musical instruments: Go in without their permission, because forbidding evil actions is obligatory, and if it were not allowed to enter without permission, people could not have fulfilled the obligatory duty (of enjoining what is good and forbidding what is evil). (Ighaathat al-Lahfaan, 1/425).
وقال بعضهم أن الغناء حرمه العلماء لأنه اقترن بمجالس الخمر والسهر الحرام !


Imaam Maalik (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked about playing the drum or flute, if a person happens to hear the sound and enjoy it whilst he is walking or sitting. He said: He should get up if he finds that he enjoys it, unless he is sitting down for a need or is unable to get up. If he is on the road, he should either go back or move on. (al-Jaami’ by al-Qayrawaani, 262). He (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: “The only people who do things like that, in our view, are faasiqs.” (Tafseer al-Qurtubi, 14/55).  
قال الشوكاني رحمه الله : ( ويجاب بأن الاقتران لا يدل على أن المحرم هو الجمع فقط وإلا لزم أن الزنا المصرح به في الأحاديث لا يحرم إلا عند شرب الخمر واستعمال المعازف ، واللازم باطل بالإجماع فالملزوم مثله . وأيضا يلزم مثل قوله تعالى : " إنه كان لا يؤمن بالله العظيم ولا يحض على طعام المسكين " أنه لا يحرم عدم الإيمان بالله إلا عند عدم الحض على طعام المسكين ، فإن قيل إن تحريم مثل هذه الأمور المذكورة في الإلزام قد علم من دليل آخر ، فيجاب بأن تحريم المعازف قد علم من دليل آخر أيضا كما سلف ) ( نيل الأوطار 8/107) .


Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: Among the types of earnings which are haraam by scholarly consensus are ribaa, the fee of a prostitute, anything forbidden, bribes, payment for wailing over the dead and singing, payments to fortune-tellers and those who claim to know the unseen and astrologers, payments for playing flutes, and all kinds of gambling. (al-Kaafi).  
وقال بعضهم أن لهو الحديث ليس المقصود به الغناء ، وقد سبق الرد على ذلك ، قال القرطبي رحمه الله : ( هذا - أي القول بأنه الغناء - أعلى ما قيل في هذه الآية وحلف على ذلك ابن مسعود بالله الذي لا إله إلا هو ثلاث مرات أنه الغناء ) ثم ذكر من قال بهذا من الأئمة ، وذكر الأقوال الأخرى في ذلك ثم قال ( القول الأول أولى ما قيل في هذا الباب للحديث المرفوع وقول الصحابة والتابعين فيه ) ( تفسير القرطبي ) ، وقال ابن القيم رحمه الله بعد أن ذكر هذا التفسير : ( قال الحاكم أبو عبد الله في التفسير من كتاب المستدرك : ليعلم طالب هذا العلم أن تفسير الصحابي الذي شهد الوحي والتنزيل عند الشيخين حديث مسند ) وقال في موضع آخر من كتابه : ( هو عندنا كحكم المرفوع ) ، وهذا وإن كان فيه نظر فلا ريب أنه أولى بالقبول من تفسير من بعدهم ، فهم أعلم الأمة بمراد الله عز وجل في كتابه ، فعليهم نزل وهم أول من خوطب به من الأمة ، وقد شاهدوا التفسير من الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم علما وعملا ، وهم العرب الفصحاء على الحقيقة ، فلا يعدل عن تفسيرهم ما وجد إليه سبيلا ) ( إغاثة اللهفان ) .


Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said, explaining the view of Imaam al-Shaafa'i: His companions who know his madhhab (point of view) stated that it is haraam and denounced those who said that he permitted it. (Ighaathat al-Lahfaan, 1/425).
وقال بعضهم أن الغناء طاعة إذا كان المقصود به التقوي على طاعة الله !!!


The author of Kifaayat al-Akhbaar, who was one of the Shaafa’is, counted musical instruments such as flutes and others, as being munkar (evil), and the one who is present (where they are being played) should denounce them. (He cannot be excused by the fact that there are bad scholars, because they are corrupting the sharee’ah, or evil faqeers – meaning the Sufis, because they call themselves fuqaraa’ or faqeers – because they are ignorant and follow anyone who makes noise; they are not guided by the light of knowledge; rather they are blown about by every wind. (Kifaayat al-Akhbaar, 2/128).
قال ابن القيم رحمه الله : ( ويا للعجب ، إي إيمان ونور وبصيرة وهدى ومعرفة تحصل باستماع أبيات بألحان وتوقيعات لعل أكثرها قيلت فيما هو محرم يبغضه الله ورسوله ويعاقب عليه ، ... فكيف يقع لمن له أدنى بصيرة وحياة قلب أن يتقرب إلى الله ويزداد إيمانا وقربا منه وكرامة عليه بالتذاذه بما هو بغيض إليه مقيت عنده يمقت قائله و الراضي به ) ( مدارج السالكين 1/485 ) . قال شيخ الإسلام في بيان حال من اعتاد سمعه الغناء : ( ولهذا يوجد من اعتاده واغتذى به لا يحن على سماع القرآن ، ولا يفرح به ، ولا يجد في سماع الآيات كما يجد في سماع الأبيات ، بل إذا سمعوا القرآن سمعوه بقلوب لاهية وألسن لاغية ، وإذا سمعوا المكاء والتصدية خشعت الأصوات وسكنت الحركات وأصغت القلوب ) ( مجموع الفتاوى 11/557 وما بعده ) .


Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: With regard to the view of Imaam Ahmad, his son ‘Abd-Allaah said: I asked my father about singing. He said: Singing makes hypocrisy grow in the heart; I do not like it. Then he mentioned the words of Maalik: the evildoers (faasiqs) among us do that. (Ighaathat al-Lahfaan).  
ويروج بعضهم للموسيقى والمعازف بأنها ترقق القلوب والشعور ، وتنمي العاطفة ، وهذا ليس صحيحا ، فهي مثيرات للشهوات والأهواء ، ولو كانت تفعل ما قالوا لرققت قلوب الموسيقيين وهذبت أخلاقهم ، وأكثرهم ممن نعلم انحرافهم وسوء سلوكهم .


Ibn Qudaamah, the researcher of the Hanbali madhhab – (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: Musical instruments are of three types which are haraam. These are the strings and all kinds of flute, and the lute, drum and rabaab (stringed instrument) and so on. Whoever persists in listening to them, his testimony should be rejected. (al-Mughni, 10/173). And he said (may Allaah have mercy on him); If a person is invited to a gathering in which there is something objectionable, such as wine and musical instruments, and he is able to denounce it, then he should attend and speak out against it, because then he will be combining two obligatory duties. If he is not able to do that, then he should not attend. (al-Kaafi, 3/118)
خاتمة


Al-Tabari (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: The scholars of all regions are agreed that singing is makrooh and should be prevented. Although Ibraaheem ibn Sa’d and ‘Ubayd-Allaah al-‘Anbari differed from the majority, (it should be noted that) the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Adhere to the majority.” And whoever dies differing from the majority, dies as a jaahili. (Tafseer al-Qurtubi, 14/56). In earlier generations, the word “makrooh” was used to mean haraam, then it took on the meaning of “disliked”. But this is to be understood as meaning that it is forbidden, because he [al-Tabari] said “it should be prevented”, and nothing is to be prevented except that which is haraam; and because in the two hadeeths quoted, music is denounced in the strongest terms. Al-Qurtubi (may Allaah have mercy on him) is the one who narrated this report, then he said: Abu’l-Faraj and al-Qaffaal among our companions said: the testimony of the singer and the dancer is not to be accepted. I say: if it is proven that this matter is not permissible, then accepting payment for it is not permissible either.
لعله تبين من هذا المختصر - للمنصفين - أن القول بالإباحة ليس قولا معتبرا ، وأنه ليس في هذه المسألة قولان ، فتجب النصيحة بالحسنى ثم يتدرج في الإنكار لمن استطاع ، ولا تغتر بشهرة رجل في زمن أصبح أهل الدين فيه غرباء ، فإن من يقول بإباحة الغناء وآلات الطرب ، إنما ينصر هوى الناس اليوم - وكأن العوام يفتون وهو يوقع ! - ، فإنهم إذا عرضت لهم مسألة نظروا في أقوال العلماء فيها ، ثم أخذوا الأيسر - زعموا - ثم يبحثون عن أدلة ، بل شبهات تتأرجح بين الموقوذة والمتردية والنطيحة ! فكم شرع أمثال هؤلاء للناس بهذا التمويه أمورا باسم الشريعة الإسلامية يبرأ الإسلام منها .


Shaykh al-Fawzaan (may Allaah preserve him) said: What Ibraaheem ibn Sa’d and ‘Ubayd-Allaah al-‘Anbari said about singing is not like the kind of singing that is known nowadays, for they would never have allowed this kind of singing which is the utmost in immorality and obscenity. (al-I’laam)
فاحرص أخي أن تعرف إسلامك من كتاب ربك وسنة نبيك ، ولا تقل : قال فلان ؛ فإن الحق لا يعرف بالرجال ، بل اعرف الحق تعرف الرجال ، ولعل في هذا القدر كفاية لمن نبذ هواه وخضع لمولاه ، ولعل ما سبق يشفي صدور قوم مؤمنين ، ويطير وسواس قوم موسوسين ، ويفضح كل معرض عن الوحي ، متتبع للرخص ، ظن أنه أتى بما لم يأت به الأوائل فتقول على الله بغير علم ، وطلب الخروج من الفسق فوقع في البدعة - لا بارك الله فيه - ، وقد كان خيرا له سبيل المؤمنين .


Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: It is not permissible to make musical instruments. (al-Majmoo’, 22/140). And he said: According to the majority of fuqahaa’, it is permissible to destroy musical instruments, such as the tanboor [a stringed instrument similar to a mandolin]. This is the view of Maalik and is the more famous of the two views narrated from Ahmad. (al-Majmoo’, 28/113). And he said: …Ibn al-Mundhir mentioned that the scholars were agreed that it is not permissible to pay people to sing and wail… the consensus of all the scholars whose views we have learned about is that wailing and singing are not allowed. Al-Shu’bi, al-Nakha’i and Maalik regarded that as makrooh [i.e., haraam]. Abu Thawr, al-Nu’maan – Abu Haneefah (may Allaah have mercy on him) – and Ya’qoob and Muhammad, two of the students of Abu Haneefah said: it is not permissible to pay anything for singing and wailing. This is our view. And he said: musical instruments are the wine of the soul, and what it does to the soul is worse than what intoxicating drinks do. (Majmoo’ al-Fataawa, 10/417).
والله أعلم ، وصلى الله وسلم وبارك على رسوله الذي وضح سبيل المؤمنين ، وعلى آله وصحبه ومن تبعهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين .


Ibn Abi Shaybah (may Allaah have mercy on him) reported that a man broke a mandolin belonging to another man, and the latter took his case to Shurayh. But Shurayh did not award him any compensation – i.e., he did not make the first man pay the cost of the mandolin, because it was haraam and had no value. (al-Musannaf, 5/395).
ملخص رسالة الضرب بالنوى لمن أباح المعازف للهوى للشيخ سعد الدين بن محمد الكبي


Al-Baghawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) stated in a fatwa that it is haraam to sell all kinds of musical instruments such as mandolins, flutes, etc. Then he said: If the images are erased and the musical instruments are altered, then it is permissible to sell their parts, whether they are silver, iron, wood or whatever. (Sharh al-Sunnah, 8/28)
وللاستزادة .. يمكن مراجعة :


An appropriate exception
كتاب الإعلام بنقد كتاب الحلال والحرام للشيخ العلامة صالح بن فوزان الفوزان


The exception to the above is the daff – without any rings (i.e., a hand-drum which looks like a tambourine, but without any rattles) – when used by women on Eids and at weddings. This is indicated by saheeh reports. Shaykh al-Islam (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: But the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) made allowances for certain types of musical instruments at weddings and the like, and he made allowances for women to play the daff at weddings and on other joyful occasions. But the men at his time did not play the daff or clap with their hands. It was narrated in al-Saheeh that he said: “Clapping is for women and tasbeeh (saying Subhaan Allaah) is for men.” And he cursed women who imitate men and men who imitate women. Because singing and playing the daff are things that women do, the Salaf used to call any man who did that a mukhannath (effeminate man), and they used to call male singers effeminate – and how many of them there are nowadays! It is well known that the Salaf said this.
وكتاب السماع لشيخ الإسلام ابن القيم


In a similar vein is the hadeeth of ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her), when her father (may Allaah be pleased with him) entered upon her at the time of Eid, and there were two young girls with her who were singing the verses that the Ansaar had said on the day of Bu’aath – and any sensible person will know what people say about war. Abu Bakr (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “Musical instruments of the Shaytaan in the house of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)!” The Messenger of Allaah had turned away from them and was facing the wall – hence some scholars said that Abu Bakr (may Allaah be pleased with him) would not tell anybody off in front of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), but he thought that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was not paying attention to what was happening. And Allaah knows best. He (the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)) said: “Leave them alone, O Abu Bakr, for every nation has its Eid, and this is our Eid, the people of Islam.” This hadeeth shows that it was not the habit of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and his companions to gather to listen to singing, hence Abu Bakr al-Siddeeq called it “the musical instruments of the Shaytaan”. And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) approved of this appellation and did not deny it when he said, “Leave them alone, for every nation has its Eid and this is our Eid.” This indicates that the reason why this was permitted was because it was the time of Eid, and the prohibition remained in effect at times other than Eid, apart from the exceptions made for weddings in other ahaadeeth. Shaykh al-Albaani explained this in his valuable book Tahreem Aalaat al-Tarab (the Prohibition of Musical Instruments). The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) approved of young girls singing at Eid, as stated in the hadeeth: “So that the mushrikeen will know that in our religion there is room for relaxation.” There is no indication in the hadeeth about the two young girls that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was listening to them. The commands and prohibitions have to do with listening, not merely hearing, just as in the case of seeing, the rules have to do with intentionally looking and not what happens by accident. So it is clear that this is for women only. Imaam Abu ‘Ubayd (may Allaah have mercy on him) defined the daff as “that which is played by women.” (Ghareeb al-Hadeeth, 3/64).
وكتاب تحريم آلات الطرب للشيخ محمد ناصر الدين الألباني رحمه الله .}}
An inappropriate exception
 
Some of them make an exception for drums at times of war, and consequentially some modern scholars have said that military music is allowed. But there is no basis for this at all, for a number of reasons, the first of which is that this is making an exception with no clear evidence, apart from mere opinion and thinking that it is good, and this is wrong. The second reason is that what the Muslims should do at times of war is to turn their hearts towards their Lord. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
 
“They ask you (O Muhammad) about the spoils of war. Say: ‘The spoils are for Allaah and the Messenger.’ So fear Allaah and adjust all matters of difference among you…” [al-Anfaal 8:1]. But using music is the opposite of this idea of taqwa and  it would distract them from remembering their Lord. Thirdly, using music is one of the customs of the kuffaar, and it is not permitted to imitate them, especially with regard to something that Allaah has forbidden to us in general, such as music. (al-Saheehah, 1/145)
 
“No people go astray after having been guided except they developed arguments amongst themselves.” (Saheeh)
 
Some of them used the hadeeth about the Abyssinians playing in the mosque of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) as evidence that singing is allowed! Al-Bukhaari included this hadeeth in his Saheeh under the heading Baab al-Hiraab wa’l-Daraq Yawm al-‘Eid (Chapter on Spears and Shields on the Day of Eid). Al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: This indicates that it is permissible to play with weapons and the like in the mosque, and he applied that to other activities connected with jihaad. (Sharh Muslim). But as al-Haafiz ibn Hajar (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: whoever speaks about something which is not his profession will come up with weird ideas such as these.
 
Some of them use as evidence the hadeeth about the singing of the two young girls, which we have discussed above, but we will quote what Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said, because it is valuable:
 
I am amazed that you quote as evidence for allowing listening to sophisticated songs the report which we mentioned about how two young girls who were below the age of puberty sang to a young woman on the day of Eid some verses of Arab poetry about bravery in war and other noble characteristics. How can you compare this to that? What is strange is that this hadeeth is one of the strongest proofs against them. The greatest speaker of the truth [Abu Bakr al-Siddeeq] called them musical instruments of the Shaytaan, and the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) approved of that appellation, but he made an exception in the case of these two young girls who had not yet reached the age of responsibility and the words of whose songs could not corrupt anyone who listened to them. Can this be used as evidence to allow what you do and what you know of listening (to music) which includes (bad) things which are not hidden?! Subhaan Allaah! How people can be led astray! (Madaarij al-Saalikeen, 1/493).
 
Ibn al-Jawzi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) was young at that time; nothing was transmitted from her after she reached the age of puberty except condemnation of singing. Her brother’s son, al-Qaasim ibn Muhammad, condemned singing and said that it was not allowed to listen to it, and he took his knowledge from her. (Talbees Iblees, 229). Al-Haafiz ibn Hajar (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: A group of the Sufis used this hadeeth – the hadeeth about the two young girls – as evidence that singing is allowed and it is allowed to listen to it, whether it is accompanied by instruments or not. This view is sufficiently refuted by the clear statement of ‘Aa’ishah in the following hadeeth, where she says, “They were not singers.” She made it clear that they were not singers as such, although this may be understood from the wording of the report. So we should limit it to what was narrated in the text as regards the occasion and the manner, so as to reduce the risk of going against the principle, i.e., the hadeeth. And Allaah knows best. (Fath al-Baari, 2/442-443).
 
Some people even have the nerve to suggest that the Sahaabah and Taabi’een listened to singing, and that they saw nothing wrong with it!
 
Al-Fawzaan (may Allaah preserve him) said: We demand them to show us saheeh isnaads going back to these Sahaabah and Taabi’een, proving what they attribute to them.  Then he said: Imaam Muslim mentioned in his introduction to his Saheeh that ‘Abd-Allaah ibn al-Mubaarak said: The isnaad is part of religion. Were it not for the isnaad, whoever wanted to could say whatever he wanted to.
 
Some of them said that the ahaadeeth which forbid music are full of faults. No hadeeth was free of being criticized by some of the scholars. Ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: The ahaadeeth which were narrated concerning music being haraam are not full of faults as has been claimed. Some of them are in Saheeh al-Bukhaari which is the soundest of books after the Book of Allaah, and some of them are hasan and some are da’eef. But because they are so many, with different isnaads, they constitute definitive proof that singing and musical instruments are haraam. 
 
All the imaams agreed on the soundness of the ahaadeeth which forbid singing and musical instruments, apart from Abu Haamid al-Ghazzaali, but al-Ghazzaali did not have knowledge of hadeeth; and Ibn Hazam, but al-Albaani (may Allaah have mercy on him) explained where Ibn Hazam went wrong, and Ibn Hazam himself said that if any of (these ahaadeeth) were saheeh, he would follow that. But now they have proof that these reports are saheeh because there are so many books by the scholars which state that these ahaadeeth are saheeh, but they turn their backs on that. They are far more extreme than Ibn Hazam and they are nothing like him, for they are not qualified and cannot be referred to.
 
Some of them said that the scholars forbade singing because it is mentioned alongside gatherings in which alcohol is drunk and where people stay up late at night for evil purposes.
 
Al-Shawkaani (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: The response to this is that mentioning these things in conjunction does not only mean that what is haraam is what is joined together in this manner. Otherwise this would mean that zinaa, as mentioned in the ahaadeeth, is not haraam unless it is accompanied by alcohol and the use of musical instruments. By the same token, an aayah such as the following (interpretation of the meaning):
 
“Verily, he used not to believe in Allaah, the Most Great,
 
And urged not on the feeding of Al‑Miskeen (the poor).”
 
[al-Haaqqah 69:33-34]
 
would imply that it is not haraam to disbelieve in Allaah unless that is accompanied by not encouraging the feeding of the poor. If it is said that the prohibition of such things one at a time is proven from other reports, the response to that is that the prohibition of musical instruments is also known from other evidence, as mentioned above. (Nayl al-Awtaar, 8/107).
 
Some of them said that “idle talk” does not refer to singing; the refutation of that has been mentioned above. Al-Qurtubi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: This – the view that it means singing – is the best that has been said concerning this aayah, and Ibn Mas’ood swore three times by Allaah besides Whom there is no other god, that it does refer to singing. Then he mentioned other imaams who said the same thing. Then he mentioned other views concerning the matter. Then he said: The first view is the best of all that has been said on this matter, because of the marfoo’ hadeeth, and because of the view of the Sahaabah and the Taabi’een. (Tafseer al-Qurtubi).
 
Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him), after quoting this Tafseer, said: Al-Haakim Abu ‘Abd-Allaah said in the Tafseer of Kitaab al-Mustadrak: Let the one who is seeking this knowledge know that the Tafseer of a Sahaabi who witnessed the revelation is a hadeeth with isnaad according to the two Shaykhs (al-Bukhaari and Muslim). Elsewhere in his book, he said: In our view this hadeeth has the same strength as a marfoo’ report. Although their tafseer is still subject to further examination, it is still more readily acceptable than the tafseer of those who came after them, because they are the most knowledgeable among this ummah of what Allaah meant in his Book. It was revealed among them and they were the first people to be addressed by it. They heard the tafseer from the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in word and in deed. And they were Arabs who understood the true meanings of (Arabic) words, so Muslims should avoid resorting to any other interpretation as much as possible.
 
Some of them said that singing is a form of worship if the intention is for it to help one to obey Allaah!
 
Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: How strange! What type of faith, light, insight, guidance and knowledge can be gained from listening to tuneful verses and music in which most of what is said is haraam and deserves the wrath and punishment of Allaah and His Messenger? … How can anyone who has the least amount of insight and faith in his heart draw near to Allaah and increase his faith by enjoying something which is hated by Him, and He detests the one who says it and the one who accepts it? (Madaarij al-Saalikeen, 1/485)
 
Shaykh al-Islam said, discussing the state of the person who has gotten used to listening to singing: Hence you find that those who have gotten used to it and for whom it is like food and drink will never have the desire to listen to the Qur’aan or feel joy when they hear it, and they never find in listening to its verses the same feeling that they find when listening to poetry. Indeed, if they hear the Qur’aan, they hear it with an inattentive heart and talk whilst it is being recited, but if they hear whistling and clapping of hands, they lower their voices and keep still, and pay attention. (Majmoo’ al-Fataawa, 11/557 ff)
 
Some say that music and musical instruments have the effect of softening people’s hearts and creating gentle feelings. This is not true, because it provokes physical desires and whims. If it really did what they say, it would have softened the hearts of the musicians and made their attitude and behaviour better, but most of them, as we know, are astray and behave badly.
 
Conclusion
 
Perhaps – for fair-minded and objective readers – this summary will make it clear that the view that music is permissible has no firm basis. There are no two views on this matter. So we must advise in the best manner, and then take it step by step and denounce music, if we are able to do so. We should not be deceived by the fame of a man in our own times in which the people who are truly committed to Islam have become strangers. The one who says that singing and musical instruments are permitted is simply supporting the whims of people nowadays, as if the masses were issuing fatwas and he is simply signing them! If a matter arises, they will look at the views of fuqahaa’ on this matter, then they will take the easiest view, as they claim. Then they will look for evidence, or just specious arguments which are worth no more than a lump of dead meat. How often have these people approved things in the name of sharee’ah which in fact have nothing to do with Islam!
 
Strive to learn your Islam from the Book of your Lord and the Sunnah of your Prophet. Do not say, So-and-so said, for you cannot learn the truth only from men. Learn the truth and then measure people against it. This should be enough for the one who controls his whims and submits himself to his Lord. May what we have written above heal the hearts of the believers and dispel the whispers in the hearts of those who are stricken with insinuating whispers. May it expose everyone who is deviating from the path of Revelation and taking the easiest options, thinking that he has come up with something which  none of the earlier generations ever achieved, and speaking about Allaah without knowledge. They sought to avoid fisq (evildoing) and ended up committing bid’ah – may Allaah not bless them in it. It would have been better for them to follow the path of the believers.
 
And Allaah knows best. May Allaah bless and grant peace to His Messenger who made clear the path of the believers, and to his companions and those who follow them in truth until the Day of Judgement.
 
Summary of a paper entitled al-Darb bi’l-Nawa li man abaaha al-Ma’aazif li’l-Hawa by Shaykh Sa’d al-Deen ibn Muhammad al-Kibbi.
 
For more information, please see:
 
Al-I’laam bi Naqd Kitaab al-Halaal wa’l-Haraam, by Shaykh al-‘Allaamah Saalih ibn Fawzaan al-Fawzaan
 
Al-Samaa’ by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn al-Qayyim
 
Tahreem Aalaat al-Tarab, by Shaykh Muhammad Naasir al-Deen al-Albaani (may Allaah have mercy on him)}}


===='''محمد زاهد بن حسن الحلمي الكوثري'''====
===='''محمد زاهد بن حسن الحلمي الكوثري'''====
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