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←الدكتور عزة عطية
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| سطر ٤٢: | سطر ٤٢: | ||
==فتاوى الأزهر في العام 2007== | ==فتاوى الأزهر في العام 2007== | ||
===الدكتور | ===الدكتور عزّت عطيّة=== | ||
في عام 2007، قام الدكتور عزت عطية، رئيس قسم الحديث في جامعة الأزهر (واحدة من أعلى السلطات في الإسلام السني اليوم وأكثر الجامعات الإسلامية شهرة في العالم - غالبًا ما توصف بأنها «هارفارد الإسلام»)، فتوى تمكن المسلمين من تنفيذ ممارسة رضاعة الكبار لتجنب المضايقات الاجتماعية والمهنية الناجمة عن متطلبات حجاب الإناث. وشجع على إرضاع المرء من قبل أخوات المرأة أو أمها من أجل الحصول على وضع المحرم إذا لم يكن من الممكن لأي سبب من الأسباب رضاعة المرأة مباشرة. كما شجع على أن النساء اللواتي يتبنين الأطفال، نظرًا لعدم وجود اعتراف قانوني بالتبني في الشريعة الإسلامية، يجب أن يرضعن أبناءهن بالتبني، بغض النظر عن أعمارهم، حتى يتمكنوا من إقامة علاقة قانونية بين الأم والابن. نُشرت الفتوى في صحيفة الوطنية اليوم الأسبوعية التي يصدرها حزب الجبهة الوطنية الديمقراطية الحاكم في مصر، وشرحها الدكتور عطية شخصيًا خلال مقابلة مع المنشور. أعلن الدكتور عطية مرارًا وتكرارًا أن المصادر التي نقلها تنتمي إلى النصوص الإسلامية المقدسة بأعلى سلطة ممكنة. ووفقا له ما لا يقل عن 90 000 أكد العلماء المعاصرون أن الحديث المشار إليه صحيح. كتب الدكتور عبد المهدي عبد القادر، عالم آخر في الأزهر، ونشر كتابًا يعرض أفكارًا مماثلة بناءً على نفس المصادر الإسلامية قبل فتوى الدكتور عطية.{{Quote|Quote from Dr. Atiyya; {{citation|publisher=MEMRI|date=June 3rd, 2007|url=https://www.memri.org/reports/al-azhar-lecturer-suspended-after-issuing-controversial-fatwa-recommending-breastfeeding-men|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213113417/https://www.memri.org/reports/al-azhar-lecturer-suspended-after-issuing-controversial-fatwa-recommending-breastfeeding-men|author=L. Lavi|chapter=Al-Azhar Lecturer Suspended after Issuing Controversial Fatwa Recommending Breastfeeding of Men by Women in the Workplace|title=Inquiry & Analysis Series|volume=355}}; see also {{citation|title=Al-Watani Al-Yawm|date=May 15th, 2007|location=Egypt|publisher=National Democratic Front Party}}|"The religious ruling that appears in the Prophet's conduct [Sunna] confirms that '''breastfeeding allows a man and a woman to be together in private, even if they are not family and if the woman did not nurse the man in his infancy''', before he was weaned – providing that their being together serves some purpose, religious or secular... | |||
{{Quote|Quote from Dr. Atiyya; {{citation|publisher=MEMRI|date=June 3rd, 2007|url=https://www.memri.org/reports/al-azhar-lecturer-suspended-after-issuing-controversial-fatwa-recommending-breastfeeding-men|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213113417/https://www.memri.org/reports/al-azhar-lecturer-suspended-after-issuing-controversial-fatwa-recommending-breastfeeding-men|author=L. Lavi|chapter=Al-Azhar Lecturer Suspended after Issuing Controversial Fatwa Recommending Breastfeeding of Men by Women in the Workplace|title=Inquiry & Analysis Series|volume=355}}; see also {{citation|title=Al-Watani Al-Yawm|date=May 15th, 2007|location=Egypt|publisher=National Democratic Front Party}}|"The religious ruling that appears in the Prophet's conduct [Sunna] confirms that '''breastfeeding allows a man and a woman to be together in private, even if they are not family and if the woman did not nurse the man in his infancy''', before he was weaned – providing that their being together serves some purpose, religious or secular... | |||
"Being together in private means being in a room with the door closed, so that nobody can see them... A man and a woman who are not family members are not permitted [to do this], because it raises suspicions and doubts. A man and a woman who are alone together are not [necessarily] having sex, but this possibility exists, and breastfeeding provides a solution to this problem... I also insist that the breastfeeding relationship be officially documented in writing... The contract will state that this woman has suckled this man... After this, the woman may remove her hijab and expose her hair in the man's [presence]... | "Being together in private means being in a room with the door closed, so that nobody can see them... A man and a woman who are not family members are not permitted [to do this], because it raises suspicions and doubts. A man and a woman who are alone together are not [necessarily] having sex, but this possibility exists, and breastfeeding provides a solution to this problem... I also insist that the breastfeeding relationship be officially documented in writing... The contract will state that this woman has suckled this man... After this, the woman may remove her hijab and expose her hair in the man's [presence]... | ||
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'''"The fact that the hadith regarding the breastfeeding of an adult is inconceivable to the mind does not make it invalid. This is a reliable hadith, and rejecting it is tantamount to rejecting Allah's Messenger and questioning the Prophet's tradition."'''}} | '''"The fact that the hadith regarding the breastfeeding of an adult is inconceivable to the mind does not make it invalid. This is a reliable hadith, and rejecting it is tantamount to rejecting Allah's Messenger and questioning the Prophet's tradition."'''}} | ||
Dr. Atiyya's fatwa was followed by immense controversy in Egypt and internationally. Shortly after publication, a committee assembled by al-Azhar suspended Dr. Atiyya from his academic post and the Egyptian information minister ordered the removal of the relevant edition of ''al-Watan al-Yawm'' from sellers' shelves. Dr. Atiyya was ordered by al-Azhar to make a public apology. Dr. Atiyya complied.<ref name=":0" /> | Dr. Atiyya's fatwa was followed by immense controversy in Egypt and internationally. Shortly after publication, a committee assembled by al-Azhar suspended Dr. Atiyya from his academic post and the Egyptian information minister ordered the removal of the relevant edition of ''al-Watan al-Yawm'' from sellers' shelves. Dr. Atiyya was ordered by al-Azhar to make a public apology. Dr. Atiyya complied.<ref name=":0">{{citation|publisher=MEMRI|date=June 3rd, 2007|url=https://www.memri.org/reports/al-azhar-lecturer-suspended-after-issuing-controversial-fatwa-recommending-breastfeeding-men|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213113417/https://www.memri.org/reports/al-azhar-lecturer-suspended-after-issuing-controversial-fatwa-recommending-breastfeeding-men|author=L. Lavi|chapter=Al-Azhar Lecturer Suspended after Issuing Controversial Fatwa Recommending Breastfeeding of Men by Women in the Workplace|title=Inquiry & Analysis Series|volume=355}}; see also {{citation|title=Al-Watani Al-Yawm|date=May 15th, 2007|location=Egypt|publisher=National Democratic Front Party}}</ref> | ||
{{Quote|Quote from Dr. Atiyya; Ibid.; see also {{citation|title=Al-Watani Al-Yawm|date=May 22nd, 2007|location=Egypt|publisher=National Democratic Front Party}}|"'''My statements on the issue of breastfeeding an adult were based on the imams Ibn Hazm, Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn Al-Qayyim, Al-Shawkani and Amin Khattab [Al-Subki], and on conclusions I drew from the statements of Ibn Hajar [Al-Askalani].''' However, I hold that only the breastfeeding of an infant creates a family relationship [that prohibits marriage between the parties and allows them to be together], as the Four Imams [i.e., the founders of the four Sunni legal schools] said, while the [act of] breastfeeding a grown man [mentioned in the hadith] was a [specific] incident that came to serve a [specific] purpose, and the fatwa I issued was based solely on my personal interpretation. Based on what I have learned with my brothers the religious scholars, I apologize for my earlier [statements] and retract my opinion, which contradicts [the norms accepted] by the public."}} | {{Quote|Quote from Dr. Atiyya; Ibid.; see also {{citation|title=Al-Watani Al-Yawm|date=May 22nd, 2007|location=Egypt|publisher=National Democratic Front Party}}|"'''My statements on the issue of breastfeeding an adult were based on the imams Ibn Hazm, Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn Al-Qayyim, Al-Shawkani and Amin Khattab [Al-Subki], and on conclusions I drew from the statements of Ibn Hajar [Al-Askalani].''' However, I hold that only the breastfeeding of an infant creates a family relationship [that prohibits marriage between the parties and allows them to be together], as the Four Imams [i.e., the founders of the four Sunni legal schools] said, while the [act of] breastfeeding a grown man [mentioned in the hadith] was a [specific] incident that came to serve a [specific] purpose, and the fatwa I issued was based solely on my personal interpretation. Based on what I have learned with my brothers the religious scholars, I apologize for my earlier [statements] and retract my opinion, which contradicts [the norms accepted] by the public."}} | ||