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الفرق بين المراجعتين لصفحة: «القرآن والحديث والعلماء: زواج الأطفال»

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لا ملخص تعديل
(١١ مراجعة متوسطة بواسطة نفس المستخدم غير معروضة)
سطر ١: سطر ١:
<big>تقليد سيرا صريح للغاية حول حقيقة أن محمد تزوج عائشة عندما كانت في السادسة من عمرها ، وأكمل الزواج عندما كانت في التاسعة. وبما أن محمدًا هو "الإنسان الكامل" ، فقد اتخذ العلماء هذا الفعل نموذجًا للبشرية جمعاء ، وبالتالي قرروا أن مثل هذه الزيجات تحل لكل المؤمنين. يحتوي كل من القرآن والأحاديث النبوية على لوائح حول متى يمكن للمؤمنين ممارسة الجنس مع الزوجات القاصرات اللائي لم يكن لديهن حيض بعد ، مما يعزز الطبيعة الحلال لممارسة الزواج مع الفتيات الصغيرات والرجال الأكبر سناً.</big>
<big>تقليد سيرا صريح للغاية حول حقيقة أن محمد تزوج عائشة عندما كانت في السادسة من عمرها ، وأكمل الزواج عندما كانت في التاسعة. وبما أن محمدًا هو "الإنسان الكامل" ، فقد اتخذ العلماء هذا الفعل نموذجًا للبشرية جمعاء ، وبالتالي قرروا أن مثل هذه الزيجات تحل لكل المؤمنين. يحتوي كل من القرآن والأحاديث النبوية على لوائح حول متى يمكن للمؤمنين ممارسة الجنس مع الزوجات القاصرات اللائي لم يكن لديهن حيض بعد ، مما يعزز الطبيعة الحلال لممارسة الزواج مع الفتيات الصغيرات والرجال الأكبر سناً.</big>


==Qur'an==
==القرآن==


===Surah 65:4===
هذه الآية تتكلم عن ممارسة الجنس مع البنت الصغيرة التي لم تحدث لها دورة الحيض
{{main|Child Marriage in the Qur'an}}
The following verse allows sex with pre-pubescent married girls who have not yet menstruated.


{{Quote|{{Quran|65|4}}|Such of your women as have passed the age of monthly courses, for them the prescribed period, if ye have any doubts, is three months, and for those who have no courses (it is the same): for those who carry (life within their wombs), their period is until they deliver their burdens: and for those who fear Allah, He will make their path easy.}}
{{Quote|{{القرآن|65|4}}|وَٱلَّٰٓـِٔى يَئِسْنَ مِنَ ٱلْمَحِيضِ مِن نِّسَآئِكُمْ إِنِ ٱرْتَبْتُمْ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَٰثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَٱلَّٰٓـِٔى لَمْ يَحِضْنَ ۚ وَأُو۟لَٰتُ ٱلْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَن يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ ۚ وَمَن يَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ يَجْعَل لَّهُۥ مِنْ أَمْرِهِۦ يُسْرًا
}}


====Tafsir====
====التفسير====


Tafsirs on verse 65:4.
التفسير على الأية الفوقية


{{quote |1=[http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=65&tid=54196 The `Iddah of Those in Menopause and Those Who do not have Menses (Qur'an 65:4)]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir |2= The `Iddah of Those in Menopause and Those Who do not have Menses Allah the Exalted clarifies the waiting period of the woman in menopause. And that is the one whose menstruation has stopped due to her older age. Her `Iddah is three months instead of the three monthly cycles for those who menstruate, which is based upon the Ayah in (Surat) Al-Baqarah. [see 2:228] '''The same for the young, who have not reached the years of menstruation.''' Their `Iddah is three months like those in menopause. This is the meaning of His saying.}}
{{quote |1=[http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=65&tid=54196 The `Iddah of Those in Menopause and Those Who do not have Menses (Qur'an 65:4)]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir |2= The `Iddah of Those in Menopause and Those Who do not have Menses Allah the Exalted clarifies the waiting period of the woman in menopause. And that is the one whose menstruation has stopped due to her older age. Her `Iddah is three months instead of the three monthly cycles for those who menstruate, which is based upon the Ayah in (Surat) Al-Baqarah. [see 2:228] '''The same for the young, who have not reached the years of menstruation.''' Their `Iddah is three months like those in menopause. This is the meaning of His saying.}}
سطر ٣٠: سطر ٢٩:
In the following quote, the bold text translates as “They are those who haven’t reached the age of menstruation”. Tabrasi comments on the phrase “Wallaee Lam yahidhna” = “Those who have not menstruated yet” in the verse.
In the following quote, the bold text translates as “They are those who haven’t reached the age of menstruation”. Tabrasi comments on the phrase “Wallaee Lam yahidhna” = “Those who have not menstruated yet” in the verse.


{{quote |1=[http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=3&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&Page=7&Size=1&LanguageId=1 Qur'an 65:4]<BR>Tabrasi|2= {{right|
{{quote |1=شيخ طبرسى على آية 4 من سورة الطلاق
{ واللآئي لم يحضن } تقديره واللآئي لم يحضن إن ارتبتم فعدتهن أيضاً ثلاثة أشهر وحذف لدلالة الكلام الأول عليه وهن اللواتي '''لم يبلغن''' المحيض ومثلهن تحيض على ما مرَّ بيانه.}} }}
https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=3&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&Page=7&Size=1&LanguageId=1|2= { واللآئي لم يحضن } تقديره واللآئي لم يحضن إن ارتبتم فعدتهن أيضاً ثلاثة أشهر وحذف لدلالة الكلام الأول عليه وهن اللواتي '''لم يبلغن''' المحيض ومثلهن تحيض على ما مرَّ بيانه. }}


In the following quote, the bold part translated as: “Those who have not menstruated yet” are young girls who have not reached the age of menstruation.
In the following quote, the bold part translated as: “Those who have not menstruated yet” are young girls who have not reached the age of menstruation.


{{quote |1=[http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=9&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&Page=3&Size=1&LanguageId=1 Qur'an 65:4]<BR>Al-Shoukani, Fath al-Qadir|2= {{right|
{{quote |1=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=9&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&Page=3&Size=1&LanguageId=1
{ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَـٰثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ '''وَٱللاَّئِى لَمْ يَحِضْنَ } لصغرهن، وعدم بلوغهن سن المحيض،''' أي: فعدتهن ثلاثة أشهر }} }}
شيخ محمد الشوكاني
تفسير فتح القدير|2= فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَـٰثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَٱللاَّئِى لَمْ يَحِضْنَ } لصغرهن، وعدم بلوغهن سن المحيض، أي: فعدتهن ثلاثة أشهر }}


====Hadith====
====حديث====


Quotes from Imam Bukhari's hadith collection, regarding verse 65:4.
اقتباسات من صحيح البخاري على الآية فوق:


{{Quote|[http://bewley.virtualave.net/bukhari33.html Sahih Al-Bukhari, Chapter 68: Book of Tafsir]|'''CCCLXXXIV: The Tafsir of Surat at-Talaq'''<BR><BR>Mujahid said that "if you have any doubt" (65:4) means if you do not know whether she menstruates or not. Those who do not longer menstruate and '''those who have not yet menstruated, their 'idda is three months'''.}}
{{Quote|[http://bewley.virtualave.net/bukhari33.html Sahih Al-Bukhari, Chapter 68: Book of Tafsir]|'''CCCLXXXIV: The Tafsir of Surat at-Talaq'''<BR><BR>Mujahid said that "if you have any doubt" (65:4) means if you do not know whether she menstruates or not. Those who do not longer menstruate and '''those who have not yet menstruated, their 'idda is three months'''.}}


The following is from Bukhari's chapter introduction for chapter 39, Book an-Nikkah. It appears immediately before the first and only hadith of Chapter 39, {{Bukhari|7|62|64}} and can be seen in the Dar-us-Salam print edition, volume 7.
<br />


{{Quote|Bukhari (Chapter 39)|Giving one’s young children in marriage (is permissible) by virtue of the Statement of Allah: ‘And for those who have courses’ (i.e. they are still immature) (Sura 65:4) And the ‘Iddat [waiting period for a woman before lawful sexual intercourse] '''for the girl before puberty is three months''' (in the above Verse).}}
{{Quote|Bukhari (Chapter 39)|Giving one’s young children in marriage (is permissible) by virtue of the Statement of Allah: ‘And for those who have courses’ (i.e. they are still immature) (Sura 65:4) And the ‘Iddat [waiting period for a woman before lawful sexual intercourse] '''for the girl before puberty is three months''' (in the above Verse).}}
سطر ٥٠: سطر ٥٠:
The following is from Fath al-Bari, the most authoritative commentary on Sahih Al-Bukhari.
The following is from Fath al-Bari, the most authoritative commentary on Sahih Al-Bukhari.


{{Quote|1=[http://hadith.al-islam.com/display/Display.asp?Doc=0&Rec=7644 Al-Islam.com (Arabic)]|2= واللائي لم يحضن , فجعل عدتها ثلاثة أشهر قبل البلوغ ) ‏ ‏أي فدل على أن نكاحها قبل البلوغ جائز  
{{Quote|1=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=9&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&Page=3&Size=1&LanguageId=1
فتح التقدير|2= واللائي لم يحضن , فجعل عدتها ثلاثة أشهر قبل البلوغ ) ‏ ‏أي فدل على أن نكاحها قبل البلوغ جائز}}


====الفتاوى المعاصرة====


"and those who never had menses, their prescribed period is three months before puberty, which indicates that giving her into marriage before puberty is permissible."}}
<br />
 
====Recent fatwas====
 
December 2010 fatwa from popular Islamic website.


{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamonline.net%2Far%2FIOLCounsel_C%2F1278406761316%2F1278406720653%2F%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%9F-&date=2011-02-03 Is it permissible to restrict the age at which girls can marry?]<BR>Submitted by Ahmad, IslamOnline, December 24, 2010|2=The Noble Qur'an has also mentioned the waiting period [i.e. for a divorced wife to remarry] for the wife who has not yet menstruated, saying: "And those who no longer expect menstruation among your women - if you doubt, then their period is three months, and [also for] those who have not menstruated" [Qur'an 65:4]. Since this is not negated later, '''we can take from this verse that it is permissible to have sexual intercourse with a prepubescent girl'''. The Qur'an is not like the books of jurisprudence which mention what the implications of things are, even if they are prohibited. '''It is true that the prophet (PBUH) entered into a marriage contract with A'isha when she was six years old, however he did not have sex with her until she was nine years old''', according to al-Bukhari.}}
{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamonline.net%2Far%2FIOLCounsel_C%2F1278406761316%2F1278406720653%2F%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%9F-&date=2011-02-03 Is it permissible to restrict the age at which girls can marry?]<BR>Submitted by Ahmad, IslamOnline, December 24, 2010|2=The Noble Qur'an has also mentioned the waiting period [i.e. for a divorced wife to remarry] for the wife who has not yet menstruated, saying: "And those who no longer expect menstruation among your women - if you doubt, then their period is three months, and [also for] those who have not menstruated" [Qur'an 65:4]. Since this is not negated later, '''we can take from this verse that it is permissible to have sexual intercourse with a prepubescent girl'''. The Qur'an is not like the books of jurisprudence which mention what the implications of things are, even if they are prohibited. '''It is true that the prophet (PBUH) entered into a marriage contract with A'isha when she was six years old, however he did not have sex with her until she was nine years old''', according to al-Bukhari.}}
سطر ٧٣: سطر ٧١:
The Iddah (waiting period) does not take place except after marriage.}}
The Iddah (waiting period) does not take place except after marriage.}}


==Muhammad==
==مثال النبي محمد==


===Married Aisha When She Was Six===
===تزوج محمد من عائشة وعمرها 6 سنين===
{{main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad's Wives and Concubines}}
نكح محمد عائشة وكان عمرها 9 سنين
Muhammad consummated his marriage with the 9 year old Aisha, while she remained pre-pubescent.


{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3310}}|A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Allah's Apostle (Mohammad) married me when I was six years old, and I was admitted to his house when I was nine years old.}}
{{Quote|{{مسلم|8|3310}}|وَحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، - وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ - حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ، - هُوَ ابْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ - عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ تَزَوَّجَنِي النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَأَنَا بِنْتُ سِتِّ سِنِينَ وَبَنَى بِي وَأَنَا بِنْتُ تِسْعِ سِنِينَ ‏.}}


==Muhammad's Companions==
{{Quote|الطبري، أبو جعفر (ت 923). [https://app.turath.io/book/9783 ''تاريخ الرسل والملوك'']. المكتبة الشاملة. ج.3، ص.163.
{{Main|Muhammad's Companions and Pedophilia}}
|فَقَالَتْ: هَؤُلاءِ أَهْلُكَ فَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكَ فِيهِنَّ وَبَارَكَ لَهُنَّ فِيكَ! وَوَثَبَ الْقَوْمُ وَالنِّسَاءُ، فَخَرَجُوا، فَبَنَى بِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فِي بَيْتِي، مَا نُحِرَتْ جَزُورٌ وَلا ذُبِحَتْ عَلَيَّ شَاةٌ، وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ ابْنَةُ تِسْعِ سِنِينَ}}


Umar the 2<sup>rd</sup> Caliph married Umm Kulthum at a time when she was 10-12 years old. Some sources say she was five years old.
==أصحاب النبي==
 
عمار الخليفة الثاني تزوج من أم كثولم وعمرها ما بين 10-12. حسب بعض المصادر, كان عمرها 5 سنين


{{Quote|In Tarikh Khamees, Volume 2, p. 384 ('Dhikr Umm Kalthum') and Zakhair Al-Aqba, p. 168|
{{Quote|In Tarikh Khamees, Volume 2, p. 384 ('Dhikr Umm Kalthum') and Zakhair Al-Aqba, p. 168|
سطر ١٠٨: سطر ١٠٧:
By delaying marriage, there is also a reduction in the number of Muslims in the Ummah, and this is contrary to the order of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam), as he ordered us to have many children so that the Muslim nation will be greater in number than the previous nations.}}
By delaying marriage, there is also a reduction in the number of Muslims in the Ummah, and this is contrary to the order of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam), as he ordered us to have many children so that the Muslim nation will be greater in number than the previous nations.}}


==Other Hadith==
==أحايث أخرى==
 
The following Muwatta hadith shows it's permissible to marry girls who have not reached puberty.
 
{{quote|{{Muwatta|29|33|108|}}|
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, visited Umm Salama while she was in mourning for Abu Salama and she had put aloes on her eyes. He said, "What is this, Umm Salama?" She said, "It is only aloes, Messenger of Allah." He said, "Put it on at night and wipe it off in the daytime."


'''Malik said, "The mourning of a young girl who has not yet had a menstrual period takes the same form as the mourning of one who has had a period. She avoids what a mature woman avoids if her husband dies." '''
<br />


Malik said, "A slave-girl mourns her husband when he dies for two months and five nights like her idda.''
{{quote|{{الموطأ|29|33|108|}}|وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم دَخَلَ عَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ وَهِيَ حَادٌّ عَلَى أَبِي سَلَمَةَ وَقَدْ جَعَلَتْ عَلَى عَيْنَيْهَا صَبِرًا فَقَالَ ‏"‏ مَا هَذَا يَا أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّمَا هُوَ صَبِرٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ اجْعَلِيهِ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَامْسَحِيهِ بِالنَّهَارِ ‏"‏ ‏.


Malik said, "An umm walad does not have to mourn when her master dies, and a slave-girl does not have to mourn when her master dies. Mourning is for those with husbands."}}
}}


==Miscellaneous==
==متفرقات==


{{Quote|1=[[:File:Bida alfawaid p603.jpg|Bada'i al-Fuwa'id of Ibn Qayyim, page 603]]|2="It was narrated by Ahmed that a man came to him that feared that he would ejaculate while he was fasting. Ahmed said: "What I see is that he can release semen without ruining the fast, he can masturbate using his hands or the hands of his wife, If he has an "Ammah" whether be it a girl or a little child, she can masturbate for him using her hands, and if she was a non-believer, he can sleep with her without releasing (his semen), if he released it in her, it becomes impermissible".}}
{{Quote|1=[[:File:Bida alfawaid p603.jpg|Bada'i al-Fuwa'id of Ibn Qayyim, page 603]]|2="It was narrated by Ahmed that a man came to him that feared that he would ejaculate while he was fasting. Ahmed said: "What I see is that he can release semen without ruining the fast, he can masturbate using his hands or the hands of his wife, If he has an "Ammah" whether be it a girl or a little child, she can masturbate for him using her hands, and if she was a non-believer, he can sleep with her without releasing (his semen), if he released it in her, it becomes impermissible".}}
سطر ١٦٣: سطر ١٥٧:
{{Quote|Mufti Fazlul Haque Amini|Banning child marriage will cause challenging the marriage of the holy prophet of Islam, who also married minor Ayesha, when she was just eight years old. The new law [seeking to ban child marriages] initiated by the current government [of Bangladesh] will put the moral character of the prophet into controversy and challenge. Islam permits child marriage and it will not be tolerated if any ruler will ever try to touch this issue in the name of giving more rights to women.<ref>[http://www.weeklyblitz.net/1386/islamist-leader-threatens-of-waging-jihad <!-- Backup link from Jihad Watch {{Reference archive|1=http://www.jihadwatch.org/2011/04/bangladesh-islamic-cleric-threatens-jihad-if-child-marriage-is-banned.html|2=2011-04-23}}  -->Islamist leader threatens of waging Jihad] - Weekly Blitz, April 20, 2011</ref>}}
{{Quote|Mufti Fazlul Haque Amini|Banning child marriage will cause challenging the marriage of the holy prophet of Islam, who also married minor Ayesha, when she was just eight years old. The new law [seeking to ban child marriages] initiated by the current government [of Bangladesh] will put the moral character of the prophet into controversy and challenge. Islam permits child marriage and it will not be tolerated if any ruler will ever try to touch this issue in the name of giving more rights to women.<ref>[http://www.weeklyblitz.net/1386/islamist-leader-threatens-of-waging-jihad <!-- Backup link from Jihad Watch {{Reference archive|1=http://www.jihadwatch.org/2011/04/bangladesh-islamic-cleric-threatens-jihad-if-child-marriage-is-banned.html|2=2011-04-23}}  -->Islamist leader threatens of waging Jihad] - Weekly Blitz, April 20, 2011</ref>}}


==See Also==
==انظر أيضا==


*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Aisha]]
*[[القرآن والحديث والعلماء: عائشة]]
{{Hub4|Women (Primary Sources)|Women (Primary Sources)}}


==References==
==المصادر==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}
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