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| (٣ مراجعات متوسطة بواسطة نفس المستخدم غير معروضة) |
| سطر ١٠٤: |
سطر ١٠٤: |
| ====تفسير القرآن==== | | ====تفسير القرآن==== |
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| {{Quote|Tafsir al-Qurtubi, Vol. 14, pp. 51-52|'''The companions unanimously agreed upon the prohibition of music and song but allowed particular exceptions specified by the authentic sunnah'''. many authentic narrations (aathaar) traced to the various sahaabah bear witness to this. Also, the four Khalifas, the fuqahaa among the saahabah such as Ibin Abaas, Ibin Umar, and Jaabir bin Abdullah as well as the general body of saahabah (may Allah be pleased with them all).}} | | {{Quote| [https://tafsir.app/tabari/31/6 t تفسير القرطبي على سورة لقمان آية 6]|القول في تأويل قوله تعالى: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَيَتَّخِذَهَا هُزُوًا أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ (٦) ﴾ |
| | اختلف أهل التأويل، في تأويل قوله: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الحَدِيث﴾ فقال بعضهم: من يشتري الشراء المعروف بالثمن، ورووا بذلك خبرا عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم. |
| | وهو ما:- |
| | ⁕ حدثنا أبو كُرَيب، قال: ثنا وكيع، عن خلاد الصفار، عن عبيد الله بن زَحْر، عن عليّ بن يزيد، عن القاسم، عن أبي أُمامة، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "لا يحِلُّ بَيْعُ المُغَنِّيَاتِ، وَلا شِرَاؤُهُنَّ، وَلا التِّجارَةُ فِيهِنَّ، وَلا أثمَانُهُنَّ، وفيهنّ نزلت هذه الآية: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِى لَهْوَ الحَدِيثِ﴾ ". |
| | ⁕ حدثنا ابن وكيع، قال: ثني أبي، عن خَلاد الصفار، عن عبيد الله بن زَحْر، عن عليّ بن يزيد، عن القاسم، عن أبي أُمامة، عن النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بنحوه، إلا أنه قال: "أكْلُ ثَمَنِهِنَّ حَرَامٌ" وقال أيضا: "وفِيهِنَّ أنزلَ اللهُ عليَّ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِى لَهْوَ الحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللهِ﴾ ". |
| | ⁕ حدثني عبيد بن آدم بن أبي إياس العسقلاني، قال: ثنا أبي، قال: ثنا سليمان بن حيان، عن عمرو بن قيس الكلابي، عن أبي المهلَّب، عن عبيد الله بن زَحْر، عن عليّ بن يزيد، عن القاسم، عن أبي أُمامة. قال: وثنا إسماعيل بن عَياش، عن مُطَرَّح بن يزيد، عن عبيد الله بن زَحْر، عن عليّ بن زيد، عن القاسم، عن أبي أُمامة الباهلي، قال: سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: "لا يحلّ تَعْلِيمُ المُغَنِّياتِ، وَلا بَيْعُهُنَّ وَلا شِرَاؤُهُنَّ، وَثمَنُهُنَّ حَرامٌ، وقَدْ نزلَ تَصْدِيقُ ذلكَ فِي كِتابِ الله ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِى لَهْوَ الحَدِيث ... ﴾ إلى آخر الآية".}} |
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| {{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/17.29311.html|2=2011-11-30}} The Story of Adam and Iblis]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=''((Allah) said: "Go, and whosoever of them follows you, surely, Hell will be the recompense of you (all))'' meaning, for your deeds. | | {{Quote|1=[https://tafsir.app/ibn-katheer/31/6 تفسير إبن كثير على سورة لقمان آية 6]|2=لَمَّا ذَكَّرَ تَعَالَى حَالَ السُّعَدَاءِ، وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ يَهْتَدُونَ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَيَنْتَفِعُونَ بِسَمَاعِهِ، كَمَا قَالَ [اللَّهُ](١) تَعَالَى: ﴿اللَّهُ نزلَ أَحْسَنَ الْحَدِيثِ كِتَابًا مُتَشَابِهًا مَثَانِيَ تَقْشَعِرُّ مِنْهُ جُلُودُ الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ ثُمَّ تَلِينُ جُلُودُهُمْ وَقُلُوبُهُمْ إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ ذَلِكَ هُدَى اللَّهِ يَهْدِي بِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ﴾ [الزُّمَرِ: ٢٣] ، عَطَفَ بِذِكْرِ حَالِ الْأَشْقِيَاءِ، الَّذِينَ أَعْرَضُوا عَنِ الِانْتِفَاعِ بِسَمَاعِ كَلَامِ اللَّهِ، وَأَقْبَلُوا عَلَى اسْتِمَاعِ الْمَزَامِيرِ وَالْغَنَاءِ بِالْأَلْحَانِ وَآلَاتِ الطَّرَبِ، كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ﴾ قَالَ: هُوَ -وَاللَّهِ-الْغِنَاءُ.}} |
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| ''(an ample recompense.)'' Mujahid said, "Sufficient recompense." Qatadah said, "It will be abundant for you and will not be decreased for you."
| | {{Quote|1=[https://tafsir.app/ibn-katheer/53/59 تفسير ابن كثير على سورة النجم آية 59]|2=﴿هَذَا نَذِيرٌ﴾ يَعْنِي: مُحَمَّدًا صلى الله عليه وسلم ﴿مِنَ النُّذُرِ الأولَى﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ جِنْسِهِمْ، أُرْسِلَ كَمَا أُرْسِلُوا، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿قُلْ مَا كُنْتُ بِدْعًا مِنَ الرُّسُل﴾ [الْأَحْقَافِ: ٩] . |
| | ﴿أَزِفَتِ الآزِفَة﴾ أَيِ: اقْتَرَبَتِ الْقَرِيبَةُ، وَهِيَ الْقِيَامَةُ، ﴿لَيْسَ لَهَا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ كَاشِفَةٌ﴾ أَيْ: لَا يَدْفَعُهَا إِذًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَحَدٌ، وَلَا يَطَّلِعُ عَلَى عِلْمِهَا سِوَاهُ. |
| | ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى مُنْكِرًا عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي اسْتِمَاعِهِمُ الْقُرْآنَ وَإِعْرَاضِهِمْ عَنْهُ وَتَلَهِّيهِمْ: ﴿تَعْجَبُونَ(١) ﴾ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ صَحِيحًا، ﴿وَتَضْحَكُونَ(٢) ﴾ مِنْهُ اسْتِهْزَاءً وَسُخْرِيَةً، ﴿وَلا تَبْكُونَ﴾ أَيْ: كَمَا يَفْعَلُ الْمُوقِنُونَ بِهِ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَ عَنْهُمْ: ﴿وَيَخِرُّونَ لِلأذْقَانِ يَبْكُونَ وَيَزِيدُهُمْ خُشُوعًا﴾ [الْإِسْرَاءِ: ١٠٩] . |
| | * * * |
| | وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَأَنْتُمْ سَامِدُونَ﴾ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: الْغِنَاءُ، هِيَ يَمَانِيَّةٌ، اسْمِد لَنَا: غَنّ(٣) لَنَا. وَكَذَا قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ.}} |
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| ''(And fool them gradually those whom you can among them with your voice,)'' [Qur'an 17:64] It was said that '''this refers to singing. Mujahid said, "With idle entertainment and singing,'''" meaning, influence them with that.}}
| | {{Quote|1=[https://shamela.ws/book/12877/2293#p1 كتاب تنوير المقباس من تفسير ابن عباس سورة الإسراء اية 64]|2={واستفزز} استنزل {مَنِ اسْتَطَعْت مِنْهُمْ بِصَوْتِكَ} بدعوتك وَيُقَال بِصَوْت المزامير والغناء وَسَائِر الْمَنَاكِير {وَأَجْلِبْ عَلَيْهِم} اجْمَعْ عَلَيْهِم وَيُقَال اسْتَعِنْ عَلَيْهِم {بِخَيْلِكَ} بخيل الْمُشْركين {ورجلك} رجفلة الْمُشْركين {وَشَارِكْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْوَال} أَمْوَال الْحَرَام {وَالْأَوْلَاد} أَوْلَاد الْحَرَام {وَعِدْهُمْ} أَن لَا جنَّة وَلَا نَار {وَمَا يَعِدُهُمُ الشَّيْطَان إِلَاّ غُرُوراً} بَاطِلا}} |
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| {{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/31.40580.html|2=2011-11-30}} The Doomed are preoccupied with Idle Talk and They turn away from the Ayat of Allah]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=When Allah mentions the blessed -- who are those who are guided by the Book of Allah and benefit from hearing it, as He says: | | {{Quote|1=[https://shamela.ws/book/12877/3752 كتاب تنوير المقباس من تفسير ابن عباس سورة لقمان اية 6]|2={وَمن النَّاس} وَهُوَ النَّضر ابْن الْحَارِث {مَن يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الحَدِيث} أباطيل الحَدِيث وَكتب الأساطير وَالشَّمْس والنجوم والحساب والغناء وَيُقَال هُوَ الشّرك بِاللَّه {لِيُضِلَّ} بذلك {عَن سَبِيلِ الله} عَن دين الله وطاعته {بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ} بِلَا علم وَلَا حجَّة {وَيَتَّخِذَهَا هُزُواً} سخرية {أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ} شَدِيد}} |
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| ''(Allah has sent down the Best Statement, a Book, its parts resembling each other (and) oft-repeated. The skins of those who fear their Lord shiver from it. Then their skin and their heart soften to the remembrance of Allah)'' (39:23). He connect that with mention of the doomed, those who turn away from the Qur'an and do not benefit from hearing the Words of Allah. Instead, they turn to listening to flutes and singing accompanied by musical instruments. As Ibn Mas`ud commented about the Ayah:
| | {{Quote|1=[https://shamela.ws/book/11314/342#p6 كتاب أسباب النزول ت الحميدان لالواحدي على سورة لقمان آية 6]|2=سُورَةُ لُقْمَانَ |
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| ''(And of mankind is he who purchases Lahu Al-Hadith to mislead (men) from the path of Allah)'' [Qur'an 31:6], he said, "'''This -- by Allah -- refers to singing'''."
| | بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ |
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| ''(And of mankind is he who purchases Lahw Al-Hadith to mislead (men) from the path of Allah without knowledge,)'' Qatadah said: "By Allah, he may not spend money on it, but his purchasing it means he likes it, and the more misguided he is, the more he likes it and the more he prefers falsehood to the truth and harmful things over beneficial things." It was said that what is meant by the words
| | قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ} {٦} . |
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| ''(purchases idle talks)'' '''is buying singing servant girls'''. Ibn Jarir said that it means all speech that hinders people from seeing the signs of Allah and following His path.}}
| | قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ وَمُقَاتِلٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي النَّضْرِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَخْرُجُ تَاجِرًا إِلَى فَارِسَ فَيَشْتَرِي أَخْبَارَ الْأَعَاجِمِ فَيَرْوِيهَا وَيُحَدِّثُ بِهَا قُرَيْشًا وَيَقُولُ لَهُمْ: إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ يُحَدِّثُكُمْ بِحَدِيثِ عَادٍ وَثَمُودَ، وَأَنَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ بِحَدِيثِ رُسْتُمَ وَإِسْفِنْدِيَارَ وَأَخْبَارِ الْأَكَاسِرَةِ، فَيَسْتَمْلِحُونَ حَدِيثَهُ وَيَتْرُكُونَ اسْتِمَاعَ الْقُرْآنِ، فَنَزَلَتْ فِيهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ. |
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| {{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/53.51172.html|2=2011-11-30}} A Warning and Exhortation, the Order to prostrate and to be humble]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=''(Beware of small sins! The example of the effect of small sin is that of people who settled near the bottom of a valley. One of them brought a piece of wood, and another brought another piece of wood, until they cooked their bread! Verily, small sins will destroy its companion, if one is held accountable for them.)'' Allah the Exalted admonishes the idolators because they hear the Qur'an, yet they turn away from it in heedless play,
| | وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي شِرَاءِ الْقِيَانِ وَالْمُغَنِّيَاتِ. |
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| ''(wonder)'' doubting that it is true.
| | أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خزيمة قال: أخبرنا جدي قال: أخبرنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حجر قال: أخبرنا مِشْمَعِلُ بْنُ مِلْحَانَ الطَّائِيُّ، عَنْ مُطَّرِحِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زُحَرَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - "لَا يَحِلُّ تَعْلِيمُ الْمُغَنِّيَاتِ وَلَا بَيْعُهُنَّ وَأَثْمَانُهُنَّ حَرَامٌ"، وَفِي مِثْلِ هَذَا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: {وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ} إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ. وَمَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَرْفَعُ صَوْتَهُ بِالْغِنَاءِ إِلَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ شَيْطَانَيْنِ، أَحَدُهُمَا عَلَى هَذَا الْمَنْكِبِ وَالْآخَرُ عَلَى هَذَا الْمَنْكِبِ، فَلَا يَزَالَانِ يَضْرِبَانِ بِأَرْجُلِهِمَا حَتَّى يَكُونَ هُوَ الَّذِي يَسْكُتُ".}} |
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| ''(And you laugh)'' in jest and mock at it,
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| ''(and weep not,)'' just as those who believe in it weep,
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| ''(And they fall down on their faces weeping and it increases their humility.)''(17:109) Allah said;
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| ''(While you are Samidun.)'' [Qur'an 53:61] Sufyan Ath-Thawri reported that his father narrated that '''Ibn `Abbas said about Samidun, "Singing; in Yemenite dialect `Ismid for us' means `Sing for us."' `Ikrimah said something similar'''.}}
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| {{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=17&tAyahNo=64&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Surah 17 Ayah 64]<BR>Tafsir Ibn 'Abbas, trans. Mokrane Guezzou|2=(And excite any of them) make slip any of them (whom thou canst with your voice) with your call; and it is also said that '''this means: with your wind instruments, singing and all other abominable ways''', (and urge) and gather; and it is also said this means: seek against them the help of (your horse) the horses of idolaters (and foot) the foot soldiers of the idolaters (against them, and be a partner in their wealth) unlawful wealth (and children) illegitimate children, (and promise them) that there is no Paradise or hell. (Satan promiseth them only to deceive) he promise them nothing except falsehood.}}
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| {{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=31&tAyahNo=6&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Surah 31 Ayah 6]<BR>Tafsir Ibn 'Abbas, trans. Mokrane Guezzou|2=(And of mankind) the reference here is to al-Nadr Ibn al-Harith (is he who payeth for mere pastime of discourse) discourse of falsehood, books on legends, on the sun, the stars, mathematics '''and singing'''; it is also said this means: associating partners with Allah, (that he may mislead) by means of it (from Allah's way) from Allah's religion and obedience (without knowledge) or proof, (and maketh it the butt of mockery. For such there is a shameful doom) for these, there is a severe chastisement.}}
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| {{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=86&tSoraNo=31&tAyahNo=6&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Surah 31 Ayah 6]<BR>Asbab Al-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi, trans. Mokrane Guezzou|2=(And of mankind is he who payeth for mere pastime of discourse…) [31:6]. Al-Kalbi and Muqatil said: “This verse was revealed about al-Nadr ibn al-Harith. He used to travel to Persia for trade. He bought the events of non-Arabs and related them to the Quraysh, saying: ‘Muhammad relates to you the events of ‘Ad and Thamud, and I relate to you the events of Rustum and Isfindiyar and the Chosroes’. They found his tales more entertaining and they shunned listening to the Qur’an, and so this verse was revealed”. Mujahid said: “'''This verse was revealed about the buying of slave-girls and songstresses'''”. Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Muqri’ informed us> Muhammad ibn al-Fadl ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Khuzaymah> his grandfather> ‘Ali ibn Hujr> Mishma‘ill ibn Milhan al-Ta’i> Muttarih ibn Yazid> ‘Ubayd Allah ibn Zahr> ‘Ali ibn Yazid> al-Qasim> Abu Umamah who reported that the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: “'''It is forbidden to teach songstresses [to sing] or to sell songstresses, and the price gotten from selling them is unlawful. It is about the like of this that this verse was revealed (And of mankind is he who payeth for mere pastime of discourse, that he may mislead from Allah’s way without knowledge…) up to the end of the verse. No man raises his voice to sing except that Allah, exalted is He, sends him two devils, one on each side, who will keep banging with their feet until it is him who keeps quiet'''”. Thuwayr ibn Abi Fakhitah reported from his father that Ibn ‘Abbas said: “'''This verse was revealed about a man who bought a slave-girl who sang''' to him day and night”.}}
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| ===الآراء الحديثة=== | | ===الآراء الحديثة=== |
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| المقدم: اللهم آمين، جزاكم الله خيرًا.}} | | المقدم: اللهم آمين، جزاكم الله خيرًا.}} |
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| ==علماء الشيعة==
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| {{Quote|{{cite web|url=http://www.english.shirazi.ir/topics/music |title=Music |publisher= |author=Ayatollah Sayed Sadiq Hussaini al-Shirazi |date= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703071823/http://www.english.shirazi.ir/topics/music |deadurl=no}}|1. Question: Is music Halaal or Haraam in Islam?
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| According to the clear hadith from the infallible Imams (AS), '''Music is Haraam. On this basis, the Fatwa (decree) of Ayatollah Imam Muhammad Shirazi is that Music is Haraam. This includes listening to music, playing musical instruments, and buying or selling such instruments. Any kind of music, which would be in the category of being "moving" music, is Haraam. Furthermore, the music that could be categorised as "not moving", but played by the same or similar instruments, is also Haraam. In short, music is Haraam whether or not it could be categorised as "moving". Along the same line, the "music of the human voice", i.e. singing, even without the playing of musical instruments, is also Haraam. This is so, to the extent that even if the Qur'an is recited in a "singing" manner, this action is regarded as Haraam.''' Needles to say, in Islam one is encouraged, according to many hadith, to recite the Qur'an in the "best manner" to the extent that the listener would be touched by it, and that listening to this recitation would create humility in one's heart before Allah (SWT). But this is different from when one is "singing" the Qur'an. It may be asked, "How do we differentiate between the singing of the Qur'an and the recitation or TILAWAH of the Qur'an?" The answer is this is determined by the 'URF which is the "common definition amongst the public" or the "general consensus". If the recitation of the Qur'an is seen as "recitation" and "TILAWAH" then it is Halaal, and if it is seen and regarded as "singing", then that singing of the Qur'an is Haraam. Some may call the sound of sea waves, waterfall, willowing wind, etc. to be music. If this is the case then this kind of "music" is Halaal! Provided that it is not accompanied by the conventional singing or the playing of conventional musical instrument(s).
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| 9. Question: What type of listening music is allowed in Islam?
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| All types of music are Haraam in Islam.}}
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| ==روابط خاجية== | | ==روابط خاجية== |