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الفرق بين المراجعتين لصفحة: «القرآن والحديث والعلماء: الموسيقى»

الصفحة نقاش

القرآن والحديث والعلماء: الموسيقى (عرض المصدر)

مراجعة ١٦:٥٩، ١٩ فبراير ٢٠٢٣

أُزيل ١٢٬٦٣٢ بايت ،  ١٩ فبراير ٢٠٢٣
←‏علماء الشيعة
[مراجعة منقحة][مراجعة منقحة]
 
(٩ مراجعات متوسطة بواسطة مستخدمين اثنين آخرين غير معروضة)
سطر ١: سطر ١:
<big>القرآن نفسه ليس لديه الكثير ليقوله حول موضوع الموسيقى ، والآيات الواردة أدناه والتي يفسرها علماء الإسلام بشكل عام على أنها تشير إلى الممارسة. ومع ذلك ، فإن الحديث صريح جدًا بأن كل من العزف على الآلات الموسيقية والغناء حرام على وجه التحديد. على الرغم من ذلك ، قام علماء الإسلام باستثناءات للنشيد ، وهو نوع من الأغاني الإسلامية الدينية التي لا تحتوي إلا على أصوات الرجال في كابيلا جنبًا إلى جنب مع آلة واحدة ، الدف ، وهو نوع من أنواع التامبورين مع صوت الطبل. ومع ذلك ، فإن هذا الاستثناء لا يظهر في أي مكان في الكتب المقدسة الأصلية ، التي تدين ببساطة جميع أشكال الغناء وصناعة الموسيقى.</big>
{{قالب:القرآن والحديث والعلماء}}
لا يتحدّث القرآن كثيراً حول موضوع الموسيقى، لكنّ هذا المقال يستشهد بآيات قد حللها العلماء المسلمون على أنها نشير إلى موضوع الموسيقى. لكنّ الحديث شديد الوضوح في أنّ عزف الموسيقى بالآلات الموسيقية والغناء هما حرام بشكل خاصّ. لكنّ العلماء استثنوا النشيد، وهو نوع من الأغنية الإسلامية التي تتضمّن أصوات رجال مع آلة موسيقية واحدة، وهي الدفّ. لكنّ هذا الاستثناء لا يظهر في أي مكان في الكتب المقدسة الأصلية، التي تدين ببساطة جميع أشكال الغناء وصناعة الموسيقى.


==قرآن==
==قرآن==
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====فقه====
====فقه====


{{Quote|[http://www.shafiifiqh.com/maktabah/relianceoftraveller.pdf Reliance of the Traveller: A Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law]<BR>Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri, Edited and Translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller|MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
{{Quote|[https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/5000/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5 إسلام سؤال وجواب حكم الموسيقى والغناء والرقص]|قوال أئمة الإسلام :


'''r40.1''' (Ibn Hajar Haytami:) As for the condemnation of musical instruments, flutes, strings, and the like by the Truthful and Trustworthy (Allah bless him and give him peace), who
قال القاسم رحمه الله : الغناء من الباطل ، وقال الحسن رحمه الله : إن كان في الوليمة لهو ، فلا دعوة لهم . الجامع للقيرواني ص 262-263 .


"does not speak from personal caprice: it is nothing besides a revelation inspired" (Koran 53:3-4),
قال شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية رحمه الله : ( مذهب الأئمة الأربعة أن آلات اللهو كلها حرام ، ثبت في صحيح البخاري وغيره أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أخبر أنه سيكون من أمته من يستحل الحر والحرير والخمر والمعازف ، وذكر أنهم يمسخون قردة وخنازير ، .. ولم يذكر أحد من أتباع الأئمة في آلات اللهو نزاعا ) المجموع 11/576 ، قال الألباني رحمه الله : اتفقت المذاهب الأربعة على تحريم آلات الطرب كلها . الصحيحة 1/145 .


let those who refuse to obey him beware lest calamity strike them, or a painful torment. The Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said:
قال ابن القيم رحمه الله : ( مذهب أبي حنيفة في ذلك من أشد المذاهب ، وقوله فيه من أغلظ الأقوال ، وقد صرح أصحابه بتحريم سماع الملاهي كلها كالمزمار والدف ، حتى الضرب بالقضيب ، وصرحوا بأنه معصية يوجب الفسق وترد بها الشهادة ، وأبلغ من ذلك أنهم قالوا : أن السماع فسق والتلذذ به كفر ، هذا لفظهم ، ورووا في ذلك حديثا لا يصح رفعه ، قالوا : ويجب عليه أن يجتهد في أن لا يسمعه إذا مر به أو كان في جواره ، وقال أبو يوسف في دار يسمع منها صوت المعازف والملاهي : ادخل عليهم بغير إذنهم لأن النهي عن المنكر فرض ، فلو لم يجز الدخول بغير إذن لامتنع الناس من إقامة الفرض ) إغاثة اللهفان 1/425 .


(1) "Allah Mighty and Majestic sent me as a guidance and mercy to believers and commanded me to do away with musical instruments, flutes, strings, crucifixes, and the affair of the pre-Islamic period of ignorance."
وسئل الإمام مالك رحمه الله عن ضرب الطبل والمزمار ، ينالك سماعه وتجد له لذة في طريق أو مجلس ؟ قال : فليقم إذا التذ لذلك ، إلا أن يكون جلس لحاجة ، أو لا يقدر أن يقوم ، وأما الطريق فليرجع أو يتقدم . ( الجامع للقيرواني 262 ) ، وقال رحمه الله : إنما يفعله عندنا الفساق ( تفسير القرطبي 14/55 ) ، قال ابن عبد البر رحمه الله : من المكاسب المجمع على تحريمها الربا ومهور البغايا والسحت والرشا وأخذا الأجرة على النياحة والغناء وعلى الكهانة وادعاء الغيب وأخبار السماء وعلى الزمر واللعب الباطل كله . ( الكافي ) .


(2) "On the Day of Resurrection, Allah will pour molten lead into the ears of whoever sits listening to a songstress."
قال ابن القيم رحمه الله في بيان مذهب الإمام الشافعي رحمه الله : ( وصرح أصحابه العارفون بمذهبه بتحريمه وأنكروا على من نسب إليه حله ) ( إغاثة اللهفان 1/425 ) ، وقد عد صاحب كفاية الأخبار ، من الشافعية ، الملاهي من زمر وغيره منكرا ، ويجب على من حضر إنكاره ، وقال : ( ولا يسقط عنه الإنكار بحضور فقهاء السوء ، فإنهم مفسدون للشريعة ، ولا بفقراء الرجس - يقصد الصوفية لأنهم يسمون أنفسهم بالفقراء - فإنهم جهلة أتباع كل ناعق ، لا يهتدون بنور العلم ويميلون مع كل ريح ) ( كفاية الأخيار 2/128 ) .


(3) "Song makes hypocrisy grow in the heart as water does herbage."
قال ابن القيم رحمه الله : ( وأما مذهب الإمام أحمد فقال عبد الله ابنه : سألت أبي عن الغناء فقال : الغناء ينبت النفاق بالقلب ، لا يعجبني ، ثم ذكر قول مالك : إنما يفعله عندنا الفساق ) ( إغاثة اللهفان ) ، وقال ابن قدامة - محقق المذهب الحنبلي - رحمه الله : ( الملاهي ثلاثة أضرب ؛ محرم ، وهو ضرب الأوتار والنايات والمزامير كلها ، والعود والطنبور والمعزفة والرباب ونحوها ، فمن أدام استماعها ردت شهادته ) ( المغني 10/173 ) ، وقال رحمه الله : ( وإذا دعي إلى وليمة فيها منكر ، كالخمر والزمر ، فأمكنه الإنكار ، حضر وأنكر ، لأنه يجمع بين واجبين ، وإن لم يمكنه لا يحضر ) ( الكافي 3/118 ) .


(4) "This Community will experience the swallowing up of some people by the earth, metamorphosis of some into animals, and being rained upon with stones." Someone asked, "When will this be, O Messenger of Allah?" and he said, "When songstresses and musical instruments appear and wine is held to be lawful."
قال الطبري رحمه الله : ( فقد أجمع علماء الأمصار على كراهة الغناء والمنع منه وإنما فارق الجماعة إبراهيم بن سعد وعبيد الله العنبري ، وقد قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " عليك بالسواد الأعظم " ، ومن فارق الجماعة مات ميتة جاهلية " ) ( تفسير القرطبي 14/56 ) . وقد كان لفظ الكراهة يستخدم لمعنى الحرمة في القرون المتقدمة ثم غلب عليه معنى التنزيه ، ويحمل هذا على التحريم لقوله : والمنع منه ، فإنه لا يمنع عن أمر غير محرم ، ولذكره الحديثين وفيهما الزجر الشديد ، والقرطبي رحمه الله هو الذي نقل هذا الأثر ، وهو القائل بعد هذا : ( قال ابو الفرج وقال القفال من أصحابنا : لا تقبل شهادة المغني والرقاص ، قلت : وإذا ثبت أن هذا الأمر لا يجوز فأخذ الأجرة عليه لا تجوز ) ، قال الشيخ الفوزان حفظه الله : ( ما أباحه ابراهيم بن سعد وعبيد الله العنبري من الغناء ليس هو كالغناء المعهود .. فحاشا هذين المذكورين أن يبيحا مثل هذا الغناء الذي هو غاية في الانحطاط ومنتى الرذالة ) الإعلام.


(5) "There will be peoples of my Community who will hold fornication, silk, wine, and musical instruments to be lawful ...."
وقال ابن تيمية رحمه الله : ( لا يجوز صنع آلات الملاهي ) ( المجموع 22/140 ) ، وقال رحمه الله : ( آلات الملاهي ، مثل الطنبور ، يجوز إتلافها عند أكثر الفقهاء ، وهو مذهب مالك وأشهر الروايتين عند أحمد ) ( المجموع 28/113 ) ، وقال : ( الوجه السادس : أنه ذكر ابن المنذر اتفاق العلماء على المنع من إجارة الغناء والنوح فقال : أجمع كل من نحفظ عنه من أهل العلم على إبطال النائحة والمغنية ، كره ذلك الشعبي والنخعي ومالك وقال أبو ثور والنعمان - أبو حنيفة رحمه الله - ويعقوب ومحمد - تلميذي أبي حنيفة رحمهم الله - : لا تجوز الإجارة على شيء من الغناء والنوح وبه نقول ) وقال : ( والمعازف خمر النفوس ، تفعل بالنفوس أعظم مما تفعل حميا الكؤوس ) ( مجموع الفتاوى 10/417 ) .


All of this is explicit and compelling textual evidence that musical instruments of all types are unlawful (Kaff al-ra'a' 'an muharramat al-lahw wa al-sama' (y49), 2.269-70).
وأخرج ابن أبي شيبة رحمه الله : أن رجلا كسر طنبورا لرجل ، فخاصمه إلى شريح فلم يضمنه شيئا - أي لم يوجب عليه القيمة لأنه محرم لا قيمة له - . ( المصنف 5/395 ) .


'''r40.2''' (Nawawi:) It is unlawful to use musical instruments—such as those which drinkers are known for, like the mandolin, lute, cymbals, and flute—or to listen to them. It is permissible to play the tambourine at weddings, circumcisions, and other times, even if it has bells on its sides. Beating the kuba, a long drum with a narrow middle, is unlawful (Mughni al-muhtaj ila ma'rifa ma'ani alfaz al-Minhaj (y73), 4.429-30).
وأفتى البغوي رحمه الله بتحريم بيع جميع آلات اللهو والباطل مثل الطنبور والمزمار والمعازف كلها ، ثم قال : ( فإذا طمست الصور ، وغيرت آلات اللهو عن حالتها ، فيجوز بيع جواهرها وأصولها ، فضة كانت أو حديد أو خشبا أو غيرها ) ( شرح السنة 8/28 ) .}}
 
SINGING UNACCOMPANIED BY MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
 
'''r40.3''' (Ibn Hajar Haytami:) As for listening to singing that is not accompanied by instruments, one should know that singing or listening to singing is offensive except under the circumstances to be mentioned in what follows. Some scholars hold that singing is sunna at weddings and the like, and of our Imams, Ghazali and 'Izz ibn 'Abd al-Salam say that it is sunna if it moves one to a noble state of mind that makes one remember the hereafter. It is clear from this that all poetry which encourages good deeds, wisdom, noble qualities, abstinence from this-worldly things, or similar pious traits such as urging one to obey Allah, follow the sunna, or shun disobedience, is sunna to write, sing, or listen to, as more than one of our Imams have stated is obvious, since using a means to do good is itself doing good (Kaff al-ra'a' 'an muharramat al-lahw wa al-sama' (y49), 2.273).}}


{{Quote| [https://al-maktaba.org/book/11373/181#p1 كتاب الرسالة للقيرواني]|ولا يحل لك أن تتعمد سماع الباطل كله ولا أن تتلذذ بسماع كلام امرأة لا تحل لك ولا سماع شيء من الملاهي والغناء ولا قراءة القرآن باللحون المرجعة كترجيع الغناء وليجل كتاب الله العزيز أن يتلى إلا بسكينة ووقار وما يوقن أن الله يرضى به ويقرب منه مع إحضار الفهم لذلك ومن الفرائض الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر على
{{Quote| [https://al-maktaba.org/book/11373/181#p1 كتاب الرسالة للقيرواني]|ولا يحل لك أن تتعمد سماع الباطل كله ولا أن تتلذذ بسماع كلام امرأة لا تحل لك ولا سماع شيء من الملاهي والغناء ولا قراءة القرآن باللحون المرجعة كترجيع الغناء وليجل كتاب الله العزيز أن يتلى إلا بسكينة ووقار وما يوقن أن الله يرضى به ويقرب منه مع إحضار الفهم لذلك ومن الفرائض الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر على
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====تفسير القرآن====
====تفسير القرآن====


{{Quote|Tafsir al-Qurtubi, Vol. 14, pp. 51-52|'''The companions unanimously agreed upon the prohibition of music and song but allowed particular exceptions specified by the authentic sunnah'''. many authentic narrations (aathaar) traced to the various sahaabah bear witness to this. Also, the four Khalifas, the fuqahaa among the saahabah such as Ibin Abaas, Ibin Umar, and Jaabir bin Abdullah as well as the general body of saahabah (may Allah be pleased with them all).}}
{{Quote| [https://tafsir.app/tabari/31/6 t تفسير القرطبي على سورة لقمان آية 6]|القول في تأويل قوله تعالى: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَيَتَّخِذَهَا هُزُوًا أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ (٦) ﴾
 
اختلف أهل التأويل، في تأويل قوله: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الحَدِيث﴾ فقال بعضهم: من يشتري الشراء المعروف بالثمن، ورووا بذلك خبرا عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.
{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/17.29311.html|2=2011-11-30}} The Story of Adam and Iblis]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=''((Allah) said: "Go, and whosoever of them follows you, surely, Hell will be the recompense of you (all))'' meaning, for your deeds.
وهو ما:-
 
  ⁕ حدثنا أبو كُرَيب، قال: ثنا وكيع، عن خلاد الصفار، عن عبيد الله بن زَحْر، عن عليّ بن يزيد، عن القاسم، عن أبي أُمامة، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "لا يحِلُّ بَيْعُ المُغَنِّيَاتِ، وَلا شِرَاؤُهُنَّ، وَلا التِّجارَةُ فِيهِنَّ، وَلا أثمَانُهُنَّ، وفيهنّ نزلت هذه الآية: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِى لَهْوَ الحَدِيثِ﴾ ".
''(an ample recompense.)'' Mujahid said, "Sufficient recompense." Qatadah said, "It will be abundant for you and will not be decreased for you."
  ⁕ حدثنا ابن وكيع، قال: ثني أبي، عن خَلاد الصفار، عن عبيد الله بن زَحْر، عن عليّ بن يزيد، عن القاسم، عن أبي أُمامة، عن النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بنحوه، إلا أنه قال: "أكْلُ ثَمَنِهِنَّ حَرَامٌ" وقال أيضا: "وفِيهِنَّ أنزلَ اللهُ عليَّ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِى لَهْوَ الحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللهِ﴾ ".
 
  ⁕ حدثني عبيد بن آدم بن أبي إياس العسقلاني، قال: ثنا أبي، قال: ثنا سليمان بن حيان، عن عمرو بن قيس الكلابي، عن أبي المهلَّب، عن عبيد الله بن زَحْر، عن عليّ بن يزيد، عن القاسم، عن أبي أُمامة. قال: وثنا إسماعيل بن عَياش، عن مُطَرَّح بن يزيد، عن عبيد الله بن زَحْر، عن عليّ بن زيد، عن القاسم، عن أبي أُمامة الباهلي، قال: سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: "لا يحلّ تَعْلِيمُ المُغَنِّياتِ، وَلا بَيْعُهُنَّ وَلا شِرَاؤُهُنَّ، وَثمَنُهُنَّ حَرامٌ، وقَدْ نزلَ تَصْدِيقُ ذلكَ فِي كِتابِ الله ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِى لَهْوَ الحَدِيث ... ﴾ إلى آخر الآية".}}
''(And fool them gradually those whom you can among them with your voice,)'' [Qur'an 17:64] It was said that '''this refers to singing. Mujahid said, "With idle entertainment and singing,'''" meaning, influence them with that.}}
 
{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/31.40580.html|2=2011-11-30}} The Doomed are preoccupied with Idle Talk and They turn away from the Ayat of Allah]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=When Allah mentions the blessed -- who are those who are guided by the Book of Allah and benefit from hearing it, as He says:
 
''(Allah has sent down the Best Statement, a Book, its parts resembling each other (and) oft-repeated. The skins of those who fear their Lord shiver from it. Then their skin and their heart soften to the remembrance of Allah)'' (39:23). He connect that with mention of the doomed, those who turn away from the Qur'an and do not benefit from hearing the Words of Allah. Instead, they turn to listening to flutes and singing accompanied by musical instruments. As Ibn Mas`ud commented about the Ayah:


''(And of mankind is he who purchases Lahu Al-Hadith to mislead (men) from the path of Allah)'' [Qur'an 31:6], he said, "'''This -- by Allah -- refers to singing'''."
{{Quote|1=[https://tafsir.app/ibn-katheer/31/6 تفسير إبن كثير على سورة لقمان آية 6]|2=لَمَّا ذَكَّرَ تَعَالَى حَالَ السُّعَدَاءِ، وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ يَهْتَدُونَ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَيَنْتَفِعُونَ بِسَمَاعِهِ، كَمَا قَالَ [اللَّهُ](١) تَعَالَى: ﴿اللَّهُ نزلَ أَحْسَنَ الْحَدِيثِ كِتَابًا مُتَشَابِهًا مَثَانِيَ تَقْشَعِرُّ مِنْهُ جُلُودُ الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ ثُمَّ تَلِينُ جُلُودُهُمْ وَقُلُوبُهُمْ إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ ذَلِكَ هُدَى اللَّهِ يَهْدِي بِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ﴾ [الزُّمَرِ: ٢٣] ، عَطَفَ بِذِكْرِ حَالِ الْأَشْقِيَاءِ، الَّذِينَ أَعْرَضُوا عَنِ الِانْتِفَاعِ بِسَمَاعِ كَلَامِ اللَّهِ، وَأَقْبَلُوا عَلَى اسْتِمَاعِ الْمَزَامِيرِ وَالْغَنَاءِ بِالْأَلْحَانِ وَآلَاتِ الطَّرَبِ، كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ﴾ قَالَ: هُوَ -وَاللَّهِ-الْغِنَاءُ.}}


''(And of mankind is he who purchases Lahw Al-Hadith to mislead (men) from the path of Allah without knowledge,)'' Qatadah said: "By Allah, he may not spend money on it, but his purchasing it means he likes it, and the more misguided he is, the more he likes it and the more he prefers falsehood to the truth and harmful things over beneficial things." It was said that what is meant by the words
{{Quote|1=[https://tafsir.app/ibn-katheer/53/59  تفسير ابن كثير على سورة النجم آية 59]|2=﴿هَذَا نَذِيرٌ﴾ يَعْنِي: مُحَمَّدًا صلى الله عليه وسلم ﴿مِنَ النُّذُرِ الأولَى﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ جِنْسِهِمْ، أُرْسِلَ كَمَا أُرْسِلُوا، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿قُلْ مَا كُنْتُ بِدْعًا مِنَ الرُّسُل﴾ [الْأَحْقَافِ: ٩] .
﴿أَزِفَتِ الآزِفَة﴾ أَيِ: اقْتَرَبَتِ الْقَرِيبَةُ، وَهِيَ الْقِيَامَةُ، ﴿لَيْسَ لَهَا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ كَاشِفَةٌ﴾ أَيْ: لَا يَدْفَعُهَا إِذًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَحَدٌ، وَلَا يَطَّلِعُ عَلَى عِلْمِهَا سِوَاهُ.
ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى مُنْكِرًا عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي اسْتِمَاعِهِمُ الْقُرْآنَ وَإِعْرَاضِهِمْ عَنْهُ وَتَلَهِّيهِمْ: ﴿تَعْجَبُونَ(١) ﴾ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ صَحِيحًا، ﴿وَتَضْحَكُونَ(٢) ﴾ مِنْهُ اسْتِهْزَاءً وَسُخْرِيَةً، ﴿وَلا تَبْكُونَ﴾ أَيْ: كَمَا يَفْعَلُ الْمُوقِنُونَ بِهِ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَ عَنْهُمْ: ﴿وَيَخِرُّونَ لِلأذْقَانِ يَبْكُونَ وَيَزِيدُهُمْ خُشُوعًا﴾ [الْإِسْرَاءِ: ١٠٩] .
* * *
وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَأَنْتُمْ سَامِدُونَ﴾ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: الْغِنَاءُ، هِيَ يَمَانِيَّةٌ، اسْمِد لَنَا: غَنّ(٣) لَنَا. وَكَذَا قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ.}}


''(purchases idle talks)'' '''is buying singing servant girls'''. Ibn Jarir said that it means all speech that hinders people from seeing the signs of Allah and following His path.}}
{{Quote|1=[https://shamela.ws/book/12877/2293#p1 كتاب تنوير المقباس من تفسير ابن عباس سورة الإسراء اية 64]|2={واستفزز} استنزل {مَنِ اسْتَطَعْت مِنْهُمْ بِصَوْتِكَ} بدعوتك وَيُقَال بِصَوْت المزامير والغناء وَسَائِر الْمَنَاكِير {وَأَجْلِبْ عَلَيْهِم} اجْمَعْ عَلَيْهِم وَيُقَال اسْتَعِنْ عَلَيْهِم {بِخَيْلِكَ} بخيل الْمُشْركين {ورجلك} رجفلة الْمُشْركين {وَشَارِكْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْوَال} أَمْوَال الْحَرَام {وَالْأَوْلَاد} أَوْلَاد الْحَرَام {وَعِدْهُمْ} أَن لَا جنَّة وَلَا نَار {وَمَا يَعِدُهُمُ الشَّيْطَان إِلَاّ غُرُوراً} بَاطِلا}}


{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/53.51172.html|2=2011-11-30}} A Warning and Exhortation, the Order to prostrate and to be humble]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=''(Beware of small sins! The example of the effect of small sin is that of people who settled near the bottom of a valley. One of them brought a piece of wood, and another brought another piece of wood, until they cooked their bread! Verily, small sins will destroy its companion, if one is held accountable for them.)'' Allah the Exalted admonishes the idolators because they hear the Qur'an, yet they turn away from it in heedless play,
{{Quote|1=[https://shamela.ws/book/12877/3752 كتاب تنوير المقباس من تفسير ابن عباس سورة لقمان اية 6]|2={وَمن النَّاس} وَهُوَ النَّضر ابْن الْحَارِث {مَن يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الحَدِيث} أباطيل الحَدِيث وَكتب الأساطير وَالشَّمْس والنجوم والحساب والغناء وَيُقَال هُوَ الشّرك بِاللَّه {لِيُضِلَّ} بذلك {عَن سَبِيلِ الله} عَن دين الله وطاعته {بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ} بِلَا علم وَلَا حجَّة {وَيَتَّخِذَهَا هُزُواً} سخرية {أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ} شَدِيد}}


''(wonder)'' doubting that it is true.
{{Quote|1=[https://shamela.ws/book/11314/342#p6 كتاب أسباب النزول ت الحميدان لالواحدي على سورة لقمان آية 6]|2=سُورَةُ لُقْمَانَ


''(And you laugh)'' in jest and mock at it,
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ


''(and weep not,)'' just as those who believe in it weep,
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ} {٦} .


''(And they fall down on their faces weeping and it increases their humility.)''(17:109) Allah said;
قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ وَمُقَاتِلٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي النَّضْرِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَخْرُجُ تَاجِرًا إِلَى فَارِسَ فَيَشْتَرِي أَخْبَارَ الْأَعَاجِمِ فَيَرْوِيهَا وَيُحَدِّثُ بِهَا قُرَيْشًا وَيَقُولُ لَهُمْ: إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ يُحَدِّثُكُمْ بِحَدِيثِ عَادٍ وَثَمُودَ، وَأَنَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ بِحَدِيثِ رُسْتُمَ وَإِسْفِنْدِيَارَ وَأَخْبَارِ الْأَكَاسِرَةِ، فَيَسْتَمْلِحُونَ حَدِيثَهُ وَيَتْرُكُونَ اسْتِمَاعَ الْقُرْآنِ، فَنَزَلَتْ فِيهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ.


''(While you are Samidun.)'' [Qur'an 53:61] Sufyan Ath-Thawri reported that his father narrated that '''Ibn `Abbas said about Samidun, "Singing; in Yemenite dialect `Ismid for us' means `Sing for us."' `Ikrimah said something similar'''.}}
وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي شِرَاءِ الْقِيَانِ وَالْمُغَنِّيَاتِ.


{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=17&tAyahNo=64&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Surah 17 Ayah 64]<BR>Tafsir Ibn 'Abbas, trans. Mokrane Guezzou|2=(And excite any of them) make slip any of them (whom thou canst with your voice) with your call; and it is also said that '''this means: with your wind instruments, singing and all other abominable ways''', (and urge) and gather; and it is also said this means: seek against them the help of (your horse) the horses of idolaters (and foot) the foot soldiers of the idolaters (against them, and be a partner in their wealth) unlawful wealth (and children) illegitimate children, (and promise them) that there is no Paradise or hell. (Satan promiseth them only to deceive) he promise them nothing except falsehood.}}
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خزيمة قال: أخبرنا جدي قال: أخبرنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حجر قال: أخبرنا مِشْمَعِلُ بْنُ مِلْحَانَ الطَّائِيُّ، عَنْ مُطَّرِحِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زُحَرَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - "لَا يَحِلُّ تَعْلِيمُ الْمُغَنِّيَاتِ وَلَا بَيْعُهُنَّ وَأَثْمَانُهُنَّ حَرَامٌ"، وَفِي مِثْلِ هَذَا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: {وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ} إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ. وَمَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَرْفَعُ صَوْتَهُ بِالْغِنَاءِ إِلَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ شَيْطَانَيْنِ، أَحَدُهُمَا عَلَى هَذَا الْمَنْكِبِ وَالْآخَرُ عَلَى هَذَا الْمَنْكِبِ، فَلَا يَزَالَانِ يَضْرِبَانِ بِأَرْجُلِهِمَا حَتَّى يَكُونَ هُوَ الَّذِي يَسْكُتُ".}}
 
{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=31&tAyahNo=6&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Surah 31 Ayah 6]<BR>Tafsir Ibn 'Abbas, trans. Mokrane Guezzou|2=(And of mankind) the reference here is to al-Nadr Ibn al-Harith (is he who payeth for mere pastime of discourse) discourse of falsehood, books on legends, on the sun, the stars, mathematics '''and singing'''; it is also said this means: associating partners with Allah, (that he may mislead) by means of it (from Allah's way) from Allah's religion and obedience (without knowledge) or proof, (and maketh it the butt of mockery. For such there is a shameful doom) for these, there is a severe chastisement.}}
 
{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=86&tSoraNo=31&tAyahNo=6&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Surah 31 Ayah 6]<BR>Asbab Al-Nuzul by Al-Wahidi, trans. Mokrane Guezzou|2=(And of mankind is he who payeth for mere pastime of discourse…) [31:6]. Al-Kalbi and Muqatil said: “This verse was revealed about al-Nadr ibn al-Harith. He used to travel to Persia for trade. He bought the events of non-Arabs and related them to the Quraysh, saying: ‘Muhammad relates to you the events of ‘Ad and Thamud, and I relate to you the events of Rustum and Isfindiyar and the Chosroes’. They found his tales more entertaining and they shunned listening to the Qur’an, and so this verse was revealed”. Mujahid said: “'''This verse was revealed about the buying of slave-girls and songstresses'''”. Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Muqri’ informed us> Muhammad ibn al-Fadl ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Khuzaymah> his grandfather> ‘Ali ibn Hujr> Mishma‘ill ibn Milhan al-Ta’i> Muttarih ibn Yazid> ‘Ubayd Allah ibn Zahr> ‘Ali ibn Yazid> al-Qasim> Abu Umamah who reported that the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: “'''It is forbidden to teach songstresses [to sing] or to sell songstresses, and the price gotten from selling them is unlawful. It is about the like of this that this verse was revealed (And of mankind is he who payeth for mere pastime of discourse, that he may mislead from Allah’s way without knowledge…) up to the end of the verse. No man raises his voice to sing except that Allah, exalted is He, sends him two devils, one on each side, who will keep banging with their feet until it is him who keeps quiet'''”. Thuwayr ibn Abi Fakhitah reported from his father that Ibn ‘Abbas said: “'''This verse was revealed about a man who bought a slave-girl who sang''' to him day and night”.}}


===الآراء الحديثة===
===الآراء الحديثة===
سطر ١٤٧: سطر ١٣٩:
====محمد صالح المنجد====
====محمد صالح المنجد====


{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/5000/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B530}} Ruling on music, singing and dancing]<BR>Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid, Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 5000|2=الحمد لله.
{{Quote|1=[https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/5000/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5 إسلام سؤال وجواب حكم الموسيقى والغناء والرقص]|2=الحمد لله.


"المعازف" جمع معزفة، وهي آلات الملاهي ( فتح الباري 10/55 ) ، وهي الآلة التي يعزف بها ( المجموع 11/577 ) ، ونقل القرطبي رحمه الله عن الجوهري  رحمه الله أن المعازف الغناء ، والذي في صحاحه : آلات اللهو . وقيل : أصوات الملاهي . وفي حواشي الدمياطي رحمه الله : المعازف بالدفوف وغيرها مما يضرب به ( فتح الباري 10/55 ) .
"المعازف" جمع معزفة، وهي آلات الملاهي ( فتح الباري 10/55 ) ، وهي الآلة التي يعزف بها ( المجموع 11/577 ) ، ونقل القرطبي رحمه الله عن الجوهري  رحمه الله أن المعازف الغناء ، والذي في صحاحه : آلات اللهو . وقيل : أصوات الملاهي . وفي حواشي الدمياطي رحمه الله : المعازف بالدفوف وغيرها مما يضرب به ( فتح الباري 10/55 ) .
سطر ٢٤٥: سطر ٢٣٧:
===='''محمد زاهد بن حسن الحلمي الكوثري'''====
===='''محمد زاهد بن حسن الحلمي الكوثري'''====


{{Quote|1=[http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=1&ID=1786 Music and Singing: A Detailed Fatwa]<BR>Shaykh Muhammad ibn Adam al-Kawthari, SunniPath, Question ID:1786|2=The worst case scenario in the event of being inflicted with a disease is when the one involved refuses to believe that he has been inflicted with that disease. The way this phenomenon is accepted and recognised in diseases and illnesses that affect the physical body, it is also true with regards to spiritual diseases and ailments.
{{Quote|1=[https://binbaz.org.sa/fatwas/17415/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89 حكم الأغاني والموسيقى للشيخ الإمام ابن باز رحمه الله]|2=الأغاني محرمة، وقد نص أهل العلم على ذلك، وحكى بعض أهل العلم إجماع أهل العلم على ذلك، ومن أدلة ذلك قوله تعالى: وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ [لقمان:6]، قال أكثر علماء التفسير: إن المراد بذلك الأغاني، وهكذا أصوات الملاهي، وقال عليه الصلاة والسلام في الحديث الصحيح: ليكونن من أمتي أقوام يستحلون الحر والحرير والخمر والمعازف، والحر: هو الفرج الحرام يعني: الزنا، والحرير معروف محرم على الرجال، والخمر معروف محرم على الجميع وهو المسكر، والمعازف هي الأغاني وما يعزف به من آلات الملاهي.
 
When a person commits a sin (may Allah save us all) believing that a sin is being committed and feels regret and remorse in the heart, then this is far better then committing the sin and believing it to be lawful (halal). In the former situation, only one sin is being committed, and it is very likely that the individual may repent out of the remorse felt in the heart. In the latter case, however, in addition to the sin being committed, there is the greater sin of trying to justify it. Normally, such an individual does not receive the guidance to repent from his sin. (May Allah save us all, Ameen).
 
Music and Singing?
 
The case with music and unlawful singing is the same. It has been decisively prohibited in Shariah, as the evidences mentioned further along will show. Yet there are individuals that are not ready to believe that it is Haram.
 
In the modern era, music has spread to such an extent that nobody is free from it. Individuals are confronted with situations where they are forced to listen to music. It is played nearly in all department stores and supermarkets. If you sit in a taxi, make a phone call or even walk down the street, you will not be saved from this evil. Young Muslims drive around in their cars with the music fully blasted. The increasing popularity of music, which is prevalent in our society, poses a great threat to the Muslims.
 
Music is a direct ploy of the Non-Muslims. One of the main causes for the decline of the Muslims is their involvement in useless entertainment. Today we see that Muslims are involved, and at the forefront perhaps, of many immoralities and evils. The spiritual power which once was the trait of a Muslim is nowhere to be seen. One of the main reasons for this is music and useless entertainment.
 
Harms and effects of music
 
We should be aware that nothing has been prohibited by the Almighty Creator except that which is harmful to the Muslims and the society as a whole. There are great harms and ill-effects of music.
 
Islam totally forbids adultery and also those things that lead to it. Allah Most High says:
 
“And do not come near to adultery, for it is a shameful deed and an evil, opening the road (to other evils)” (al-Isra, 32).
 
Islam does not only prohibit adultery and fornication, but also those things that may lead to it. This is the reason why the Qur’an orders Muslim men and Women to lower their gazes. It prohibits one from being alone with someone from the opposite sex (khalwa). Informal interaction with the opposite sex has also been made unlawful.
 
This is also one of the main reasons for the prohibition of music, as it effects one’s emotions, creates arousal, passion and excitement, and also leads to various physiological changes in the person. It is a psychological proven fact that two things are instrumental in arousing the human sexual desire, one being the voice of a female (for males) and the other music.
 
This is the reason why Allah Most High says:
 
“O wives of the prophet! You are not like other women, if you are god-fearing. So do not be soft in speech. Lest in whose heart is disease should be moved with desire.” (Surah al-Ahzab, v. 32).
 
Thus, Islam forbids listening to the female voice with lust and desire. The great Hanafi Jurist, Ibn Abidin (Allah have mercy on him) states:
 
“It is permissible for women to converse with non-Mahram men at the time of need (and visa versa, m). However, what is not permissible is that they stretch, soften and raise their voice in a melodious way” (Radd al-Muhtar, V.1, P. 406).
 
Similarly, it is also unlawful for women to listen to the voice of non-Mahram men with lust and desire. One of the great western thinkers said: “the voice is one of the quickest ways that make a woman fall in love with a man. This is the reason why many women adore singers”.
 
The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) was also wary of this fact when he said to the Companion Bara ibn Malik: “O Bara! Let not the women here your voice” (Kanz al-Ummal, 7/322). The same has also been reported from the Companion Anjasha (Allah be pleased with him).
 
Physical Effect of Music
 
Experiments carried out by doctors and researchers confirm that music is such that it does not only affect the brain, but each and every organ of the body. There is a close relationship between music and bodily movements.
 
It is also proved that music affects one’s emotions, increases arousal in terms of alertness and excitement and also leads to various psychological changes in the person. In a psychological experiment, it was found that listening to moderate type of music increased one’s normal heart beat, whilst listening to rock music the heart beat increased even further, yet people claim that music has no effect.
 
In conclusion, music and the instruments used for singing are a cause for arousing the sexual desire of an individual. It could lead a person to adultery and fornication. Therefore, Islam takes the preventive measure rather than suffer the consequences. This is also one of the principles of Islamic Jurisprudence, namely ‘blocking the means’ (sadd al-dhara'i). This is based on the idea of preventing an evil before it actually materializes, and is taken from the heart of the guidance of the Qur’an and Sunnah that, “Preventing harm is given precedence even to achieving possible benefits.”
 
Becoming Heedless of Allah
 
 
One of the harms of music is that it distracts one from his Creator. It serves as a temporary means of pleasure and satisfaction, which makes one forget who he really is and why he was created. This is the reason why musical instruments are known in the Arabic language as ‘malaahi’ meaning instruments that prevent one from the remembrance of Allah Almighty.
 
Human has been created for a noble purpose. Allah Most High says:
 
“I have created jinn and humans only that they serve (worship) me” (Surah al-Dhariyat, 56).
 
Music and temporary entertainments sink the human in physical pleasures and prevent him/her from true spiritual gains. In conclusion, music has a great role to play in preventing a human from realising the purpose of creation.
 
Un-Islamic Values
 
Another harm of music is that it instills the ideologies of the Non-Muslims in the heart and mind. The messages of today’s music follow a general theme of love, fornication, drugs and freedom.
 
We find that the whole world is obsessed with the Kufr idea of unrestrained freedom, i.e. freedom of speech and movement, etc… This idea of freedom, “it’s my life, I’ll do what I want” is a predominant theme of music today. It is used as a means of drilling western ideologies into the hearts and minds, which are totally contrary to Islamic values and teachings.
 
The Difference Between Legal Wisdom and Legal Reasons
 
The above are just some of the harms and evil effects of music. One must remember here that these are the wisdoms for the prohibition of music and not the reason (illah). The Shariah ruling is based upon the reason, and not the wisdom. In other words if the harms for the prohibition of music is taken care of, it does not make music permissible.
 
An example for this is that the wisdom behind the prohibition of wine and alcohol is that it creates enmity and hatred between people and it hinders one from the remembrance of Allah. The reason, however, is that it is an intoxicating substance. Now, if one was to say that wine will be Halal for me, as I will lock myself up after drinking wine, thus no destruction will be caused. Any sane person will conclude that he is wrong, as wine is Haram whether you cause any destruction and damage to others or not. The reason being, that the cause for the prohibition of wine is that it intoxicates you, regardless of whether the wisdom is present or not.
 
The same is with music. If one is saved from the abovementioned harms, even then music will still remain Haram. It can not be held lawful even if one is saved from its harms. This is a well established principle in the science of Usul al-Fiqh.
 
Ruling on musical instruments and unlawful singing
 
In the light of the evidences that will be mentioned later, the following are unlawful in Shariah:
 
a) Musical instruments that are exclusively designed for entertainment and dancing, and create charm, pleasure and bliss on their own (even without the singing), such as the drum, violin, guitar, fiddle, flute, lute, mandolin, harmonium, piano, string, etc… are impermissible to use under any circumstance.
 
There is a consensus of the whole Ummah on this. Since the first century, the Companions (sahaba), their followers (tabi’een), jurists (fuqaha) and the scholars have been generally unanimous on this ruling.
 
b) Singing that is a cause for a sin is also unlawful with the consensus of all the scholars, such as songs that prevent one from the obligatory (fard & wajib).
 
c) Any singing that is accompanied by other sins, such as songs that consist of unlawful, immoral, and sexual themes, or it is sang by non-Mahram women, etc will also be unlawful. This ruling is also with the consensus of all the scholars.
 
Evidences
 
There are numerous evidences in the Qur’an and Sunnah which support this view. We will attempt to look at a few:
 
1) Allah Most High says:
 
“And there are among men, those that purchase idle tales, to mislead (men) from the path of Allah and throw ridicule. For such there will be a humiliating punishment” (Surah Luqman, V. 6).
 
The great Companion Abd Allah ibn Mas’ud (Allah be pleased with him) states in the explanation of the word “idle tales”:
 
“By Allah its meaning is music” (Sunan al-Bayhaqi, 1/223 & authenticated by al-Hakim in his Mustadrak, 2/411).
 
Imam Ibn Abi Shayba related with his own transmission that He (Ibn Mas’ud) said:
 
“I swear By Him besides whom there is no God that it refers to singing” (132/5).


The great Companion and exegete of the Qur’an, Abd Allah ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) states:
فالواجب على كل مؤمن ومؤمنة الحذر من ذلك، ولا يجوز استماع ذلك لا من إذاعة ولا من غيرها.


“The meaning of the word is music, singing and the like” (Sunan al-Bayhaqi, 1/221& Musannaf Ibn abi Shayba, 132/5).
أما الشعر العربي الذي ورد في كلام العرب أو في كلام الصحابة وكلام غيرهم، فلا بأس به إذا كان فيه شيء طيب، كالأشعار التي قالها أهل الخير أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ومن بعدهم فهذه ليست داخلة في الأغاني، فالشعر بلغة العرب ولحون العرب فيما ينفع الناس كالحث على الاستقامة على الدين، والجود والكرم والعفة والبعد عما حرم الله، هذه أشعار مقبولة كما قال فيها النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: إن من الشعر حكمة، وكان حسان بن ثابت ينشد بحضرة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وفي المسجد أيضًا يهجو المشركين، ويدعو إلى الإسلام، وهكذا غير حسان كـكعب بن مالك ، وعبد الله بن رواحة وآخرين، وهكذا من بعد الصحابة من أهل العلم.


He also stated:
فالمقصود أن الشعر باللغة العربية فيما ينفع الناس هذا ليس فيه بأس وليس من الأغاني، وإنما الأغاني هي ما يكون باللحون المطربة، بلحون الرجال متشبهين بالنساء أو بلحون النساء، هذا هو الذي يضر الناس ويثير الغرائز، ويدعو إلى الفساد ولاسيما إذا كان في مدح النساء أو الخمور أو اللواط.. أو غير هذا مما حرم الله، فيجتمع بذلك الصوت المطرب مع المعنى الفاسد فيكون في هذا شر كثير، وفساد كبير، ولهذا ذكر أهل العلم تحريم ذلك ونص عليه العلماء، وبسط الكلام في ذلك العلامة ابن القيم رحمه الله في كتابه: (إغاثة اللهفان في مكائد الشيطان).


“Music and the purchase of female singers” (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shayba, 132/5).
فيجب على المسلم والمسلمة الحذر من ذلك وعدم استماعه لا من شريط ولا من إذاعة ولا من تلفاز ولا غير ذلك حفظًا للدين، وحفظًا للمروءة، وحذرًا من أسباب الفتنة والفساد، وإذا كان مع الأغاني آلات الملاهي من الرباب وغيره من أنواع الملاهي كالطبل وكالموسيقى وكالمزمار .. وأشباه ذلك صار الإثم أعظم.


Hasan al-Basri (Allah be pleased with him) said:
وذكر ابن الصلاح وغيره إجماع أهل العلم على تحريم ما يكون فيه اجتماع الغناء مع آلات الملاهي يكون الشر أعظم والفتنة أكبر، وإذا انفرد الغناء وحده ليس معه آلة لهو فالذي عليه جمهور أهل العلم وهو كالإجماع منهم التحريم لما فيه من الفساد، فإذا انضاف إلى ذلك آلات الملاهي من موسيقى أو مزمار أو غير ذلك من آلات الملاهي كالطبل وكالرباب وأشباه ذلك كل ذلك يجعله أشد تحريمًا وأشد فساداً نسأل الله للجميع العافية. نعم.


“This verse was revealed in relation to singing and musical instruments” (Tafsir ibn Kathir, 3/442)
المقدم: اللهم آمين، جزاكم الله خيرًا.}}
 
The same explanation has also been narrated from Mujahid, Ikrima, Ibrahim Nakha’i, Mak’hul and others (Allah be pleased with them all).
 
The above verse of the Qur’an, along with the statements regarding its meaning is clear in the prohibition of music. It also serves as a severe warning for those who are involved in the trade of music in any way, shape or form, as Allah warned them of “Humiliating punishment”.
 
As for those that say, the verse refers to things that prevent one from the remembrance of Allah and not music, do not contradict the aforementioned explanation. The interpretation of the verse with “things that prevent one from the remembrance of Allah” is a more general interpretation which includes music and song, as one of the foremost things that stop you from the remembrance of Allah is music. This is the reason why the majority of the exegetes of the Qur’an have interpreted the verse with music only, or with all those acts that prevent one from the truth with music being at the forefront.
 
2) Allah Most High says whilst describing the attributes of the servants of the Most Compassionate (ibad al-Rahman):
 
“Those who witness no falsehood, and if they pass by futility, they pass by it with honourable avoidance” (Surah al-Furqan, V. 72).
 
Imam Abu Bakr al-Jassas relates from Sayyiduna Imam Abu Hanifah (Allah be pleased with him) that the meaning of “falsehood (zur)” is music & song, (Ahkam al-Qur’an, 3/428).
 
3) Allah Most High said to Shaytan:
 
“Lead to destruction those whom you can among them with your (seductive) voice” (Surah al-Isra, V.64).
 
One of the great exegete, Mujahid (Allah have mercy on him) interpreted the word “voice (sawt)” by music, singing, dancing and idle things. (Ruh al-Ma’ani, 15/111).
 
Imam Suyuti (Allah have mercy on him) quoted Mujahid as saying: “Voice (in this verse) is singing and flute” (al-Iklil fi istinbat al-tanzil, 1444).
 
Another exegete, Dahhak (Allah have mercy on him) also interpreted the word “Sawt” with flutes. (Qurtubi, al-Jami` li Ahkam al-Qur’an, 10/288).
 
Here also, a general interpretation can be given, as indeed some commentators of the Qur ' an have done, but this, as mentioned earlier, does not contradict the meaning given by Mujahid and Dahhak, as it is included in the more broad and general meaning.
 
Guidance of the Messenger of Allah
(Allah bless him & give him peace)
 
The are many Ahadith of the blessed Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) which prohibit music and the usage of musical instruments to the extent that some scholars have gathered approximately forty Ahadith, of which the chain of transmission of some is sound (sahih), some good (hasan) and some weak (da’if). We will only mention a few here:
 
1) Sayyiduna Abu Malik al-Ash’ari (Allah be pleased with him) reports that he heard the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) say: “There will appear people in my Ummah, who will hold adultery, silk, alcohol and musical instruments to be lawful” (Sahih al-Bukhari)
 
2) Abu Malik al-Ash’ari (Allah be pleased with him) narrates a similar type of Hadith, but a different wording. He reports that the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) said: “Soon there will be people from my Ummah who will consume alcohol, they will change its name (by regarding it permissible. m), on there heads will be instruments of music and singing. Allah will make the ground swallow them up, and turn them into monkeys and swine” (Sahih Ibn Hibban & Sunan Ibn Majah, with a sound chain of narration).
 
In the above two narrations, the word ma`azif is used. The scholars of the Arabic language are unanimous on the fact that it refers to musical instruments (Ibn Manzur, Lisan al-Arab, V.9, P.189).
 
The prohibition of musical instruments is clear in the two narrations. The first Hadith (recorded in Sahih al-Bukhari) mentions that certain people from the Ummah of the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give peace) will try to justify the permissibility of using musical instruments, along with adultery, silk and alcohol, despite these things being unlawful (haram) in Shariah.
 
Moreover, by mentioning music with the likes of adultery and alcohol just shows how severe the sin is. The one who attempts to permit music is similar to the one who permits alcohol or adultery.
 
The second Hadith describes the fate of such people in that the ground will be ordered to swallow them and they will be turned into monkeys and swine (may Allah save us all). The warning is specific to those that will hold music, alcohol, silk and adultery to be permissible. It is something that should be of concern for those who try and justify any of these things.
 
Also, to say that music will only be unlawful if it is in combination with alcohol, adultery and silk is incorrect. If this was the case, then why is it that the exception is only for music from the four things? The same could also be said for adultery, alcohol and silk. One may then even justify that alcohol and adultery is also permissible unless if they are consumed in combination with the other things!
 
Thus the above two narrations of the beloved of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) are clear proof on the impermissibility of music and songs.
 
3) Imran ibn Husain (Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) said: “This Ummah will experience the swallowing up of some people by the earth, metamorphosis of some into animals, and being rained upon with stones”. A man from amongst the Muslims asked: “O Messenger of Allah! When will this be?” He said: “When female singers and musical instruments appear and alcohol will (commonly) be consumed” (Recorded by Imam Tirmizi, Imam Ibn Majah in their respective Sunan collections, and the wording here is of Sunan Tirmizi).
 
4) Sayyiduna Ali ibn Talib (Allah be pleased with him) reports that the blessed Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) said: “When my Ummah begin doing fifteen things, they will be inflicted with tribulations, and (from those 15 things He said): “When female singers and musical instruments become common” (Sunan Tirmizi).
 
5) Na’fi reports that once Abd Allah ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them both) heard the sound of a Sheppard’s flute. He put his fingers in his ears, turned his mule away from the road and said: “O Nafi’! Can you hear? I (Nafi’) replied with the affirmative. He carried on walking (with his fingers in his ears) until I said: “the sound has ceased” He removed his fingers from his ears, came back on to the road and said: “I saw the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) doing the same when he heard the flute of the Sheppard” (Recorded by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad and Abu Dawud & Ibn Majah in their Sunans).
 
6) Abd Allah Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) said: “Verily Allah has forbidden alcohol, gambling, drum and guitar, and every intoxicant is haram” (Musnad Ahmad & Sunan Abu Dawud).
 
7) Abu Umama (Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give peace) said: “Allah Mighty and Majestic sent me as a guidance and mercy to believers and commanded me to do away with musical instruments, flutes, strings, crucifixes, and the affairs of the pre-Islamic period of ignorance” (Musnad Ahmad & Abu Dawud Tayalisi).
 
8) Abd Allah ibn Mas’ud (Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) said: “Song makes hypocrisy grow in the heart as water does herbage” (Sunan al-Bayhaqi).
 
9) Anas (Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give peace) said: “On the day of Resurrection, Allah will pour molten lead into the ears of whoever sits listening to a songstress” (Recorded by Ibn Asakir & Ibn al-Misri).
 
10)Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) said: “Bell is the flute of Shaytan” (Sahih Muslim & Sunan Abu Dawud).
 
There are many more narrations of the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give peace) in prohibition of musical instruments and unlawful singing. I have merely mentioned a few as an example.
 
The imam of the Shafi`i school, Imam Ibn Hajr al-Haytami gathered all these Ahadith which approximately total to forty in his excellent work ‘ Kaff al-Ra’a an Muharramat al-Lahw wa al-Sama’ , and then said: “All of this is explicit and compelling textual evidence that musical instruments of all types are unlawful” (2/270).
 
Statements of the Fuqaha
 
The great Hanafi jurist al-Kasani states:
 
“If a singer gathers people around him only to entertain them with his voice, then he will not be considered a upright person (a’dil), even though if he does not consume alcohol, as he will be considered the leader of sinners. If however, he only sings to himself in order to eradicate loneliness, then there is nothing wrong in doing so.
 
As far as the one who uses musical instruments is concerned, if the instruments themselves are not unlawful, such as the bamboo and tambourine, then there is nothing wrong with that and he will still be considered upright. However, if the instrument is unlawful, such as the lute and the like, then he will not be considered a upright person (to be a witness in the court. m), as these instruments can never be considered lawful” (Bada’i al-Sana’i, 6/269).
 
It is stated in Khulasat al-Fatawa:
 
“Listening to the sound of musical instruments is unlawful (haram), as the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) said: “Listening to songs is a sin” (4/345).
 
Ibn Humam, the great Hanafi Mujtahid makes a decisive statement in his famous Fath al-Qadir:
 
“Unlawful (haram) singing is when the theme of the song consists of unlawful things, such as the description of a particular living person’s beauty and features, the virtues of wine that provoke wine-drinking, the details and particulars of family affairs or those songs that mock and ridicule others.
 
However, songs that are free from such unlawful things and they consist of descriptions of the natural things, such as flowers and streams, etc… will be permissible. Yes, if they are accompanied by musical instruments, then it will be unlawful even if the song is full of advice and wisdom, not because of what the songs consist of, rather due to the musical instruments that are played with it.
 
And it is stated in the al-Mugni of Ibn Qudamah (Hanbali Madhhab) that musical instruments are of two types:
 
1) Unlawful, Such as those that are specially designed for entertainment and singing, like the flute and mandolin, etc…
 
2) Lawful, like the playing of the tambourine (daff) at weddings and other happy occasions” (Ibn Humam, Fath al-Qadir, 6/36).
 
The same has more or less been mentioned in the other Hanafi works also, such as al-Ikhtiyar, al-Bahr al-Ra’iq, al-Fatawa al-Hindiyya and others.
 
Imam an-Nawawi, the great Hadith and Shafi’i scholar states:
 
“It is unlawful to use or listen to musical instruments, such as, those which the drinkers are known for, like the mandolin, lute, cymbals, and flute. It is permissible to play the tambourine (daf) at weddings, circumcisions and other times, even if it has bells on its sides. Beating the Kuba, a long drum with a narrow middle, is also unlawful” (Mugni al-muhtaj, 4/429, & Reliance of the traveller, 775).
 
There are many other statements of the Fuqaha and scholars such al-Qurtubi, and each of the four Madhhabs, but due to the length of the article, I will suffice with the above.
 
As for those who hold music to be lawful usually present the Hadith of Sahih al-Bukhari in which two girls were singing in the presence of the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) and Sayyida A’isha (Allah be pleased with her).
 
However, the permissibility of music can not be justified with this Hadith. The Hadith expert, Ibn Hajr al-Asqalani has refuted this claim in length in his Fath al-Bari, 2/345).
 
Firstly, theses young girls were singing without any unlawful musical instruments and secondly, the content of the song was regarding war, thus perfectly lawful. Also, they were not professional singers as the words of the Hadith clearly indicate.
 
Some try to justify music with the Hadith in which the permissibility of playing the tambourine (daf) is mentioned.
 
However, as stated in the works of the Fuqaha, to play the tambourine is permissible at weddings, as it is not designed for sole entertainment and pleasure, rather for announcement, etc…
 
Conclusion
 
In the light of the above evidences from the Qur’an, sayings of our beloved Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give peace) and texts of the various Fuqaha, the following is the decisive ruling with regards to music:
 
Musical instruments that are solely designed for entertainment are unlawful, with or without singing. However, to play the tambourine (daf) at weddings (and other occasions according to some fuqaha) will be permissible.
 
As far as the songs are concerned, if they consist of anything that is unlawful or they prevent one from the obligatory duties, then they will be unlawful. However, if they are free from the abovementioned things (and they are not accompanied by instruments), then it will be permissible to sing them.}}
 
==علماء الشيعة==
{{Quote|{{cite web|url=http://www.english.shirazi.ir/topics/music |title=Music |publisher= |author=Ayatollah Sayed Sadiq Hussaini al-Shirazi |date= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703071823/http://www.english.shirazi.ir/topics/music |deadurl=no}}|1. Question: Is music Halaal or Haraam in Islam?
 
According to the clear hadith from the infallible Imams (AS), '''Music is Haraam. On this basis, the Fatwa (decree) of Ayatollah Imam Muhammad Shirazi is that Music is Haraam. This includes listening to music, playing musical instruments, and buying or selling such instruments. Any kind of music, which would be in the category of being "moving" music, is Haraam. Furthermore, the music that could be categorised as "not moving", but played by the same or similar instruments, is also Haraam. In short, music is Haraam whether or not it could be categorised as "moving". Along the same line, the "music of the human voice", i.e. singing, even without the playing of musical instruments, is also Haraam. This is so, to the extent that even if the Qur'an is recited in a "singing" manner, this action is regarded as Haraam.''' Needles to say, in Islam one is encouraged, according to many hadith, to recite the Qur'an in the "best manner" to the extent that the listener would be touched by it, and that listening to this recitation would create humility in one's heart before Allah (SWT). But this is different from when one is "singing" the Qur'an. It may be asked, "How do we differentiate between the singing of the Qur'an and the recitation or TILAWAH of the Qur'an?" The answer is this is determined by the 'URF which is the "common definition amongst the public" or the "general consensus". If the recitation of the Qur'an is seen as "recitation" and "TILAWAH" then it is Halaal, and if it is seen and regarded as "singing", then that singing of the Qur'an is Haraam. Some may call the sound of sea waves, waterfall, willowing wind, etc. to be music. If this is the case then this kind of "music" is Halaal! Provided that it is not accompanied by the conventional singing or the playing of conventional musical instrument(s).
 
...
 
9. Question: What type of listening music is allowed in Islam?
 
All types of music are Haraam in Islam.}}
 
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==روابط خاجية==
==روابط خاجية==
سطر ٤٨٦: سطر ٢٥٥:
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.muhammadanism.org/Government/Government_Sharia_Music.htm|2=2011-11-30}} Shari'a Law: Music, Song, and Dance] ''- Muhammadanism.org''
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.muhammadanism.org/Government/Government_Sharia_Music.htm|2=2011-11-30}} Shari'a Law: Music, Song, and Dance] ''- Muhammadanism.org''
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://muttaqun.com/music.html|2=2011-12-01}} Music According to Quran and Sunnah] ''- Muslim site''
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://muttaqun.com/music.html|2=2011-12-01}} Music According to Quran and Sunnah] ''- Muslim site''
[[en:Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Music]]
Asmith
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