الفرق بين المراجعتين لصفحة: «القرآن والحديث والعلماء: الخلق»

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====السموات والأرض====
====السموات والأرض====


{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|page=2}}<BR>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 1|page=10}}
{{Quote|الطبري، أبو جعفر (ت 923). [https://app.turath.io/book/9783 ''تاريخ الرسل والملوك'']. المكتبة الشاملة. ج.1، ص.10.
|According to Ibn Humayd -Yahya b. Wadih -Yahya b. Ya'qub -Hammad -Sa'id b. Jubayr -Ibn 'Abbas: This world is one of the weeks of the other world-'''seven thousand years'''. Six thousand two hundred years have already passed. (The world) will surely experience hundreds of years, during which there will be no believer in the oneness of God there.
|حَدَّثَنا ابْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، قالَ: حَدَّثَنا يَحْيى بْنُ واضِحٍ، قالَ: حَدَّثَنا يَحْيى بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، عَنْ حَمّادٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبّاسٍ، قال: الدنيا جمعة من جمع الآخرة، سبعة آلاف سنه، فقد مضى سته آلاف سنه ومائتا سَنَةٍ، ولَيَأْتِيَنَّ عَلَيْها مِئُونَ مِن سِنِينَ، لَيْسَ عَلَيْها مُوَحِّدٌ.
وقالَ آخَرُونَ: قَدْرُ جَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ سِتَّةُ آلافِ سَنَةٍ.
ذِكْرُ مَن قالَ ذَلِكَ:
حَدَّثَنا أبُو هِشامٍ، قالَ: حَدَّثَنا مُعاوِيَةُ بْنُ هِشامٍ، عَنْ سُفْيانَ، عَنِ الأعْمَشِ، عَنْ أبِي صالِحٍ، قالَ: قالَ كَعْبٌ: الدُّنْيا سِتَّةُ آلافِ سَنَةٍ.
حَدَّثَنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَهْلِ بْنِ عَسْكَرٍ، قال: حدثنا اسمعيل بن عبد الكريم، قال: حدثني عبد الصمد بن معقل، أنه سمع وهبا يقول: قد خلا من الدنيا خمسه آلاف سنه وستمائه سنه، وانى لأعْرِفُ كُلَّ زَمانٍ مِنها، ما كانَ فِيهِ من الملوك والأنبياء قلت لِوَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ: كَمِ الدُّنْيا؟ قالَ: سِتَّةُ آلاف سنه.}}


Others said that the total extent of time is '''six thousand years'''.
{{Quote|الطبري، أبو جعفر (ت 923). [https://app.turath.io/book/9783 ''تاريخ الرسل والملوك'']. المكتبة الشاملة. ج.1، ص.16-17.
|وإذ كان ذلك كذلك، وكان الخبر عن رسول الله ص صحيحا أنه أخبر عن الباقي من ذلك في حياته انه نصف يوم، وذلك خمسمائة عام، إذ كان ذلك نصف يوم من الأيام التي قدر اليوم الواحد منها ألف عام- كان معلوما أن الماضي من الدنيا الى وقت قول النبي ص ما رويناه عن أبي ثعلبة الخشني عنه، كان قدر سته آلاف سنه وخمسمائة سنة، أو نحوا من ذلك وقريبا منه والله أعلم.
فهذا الذي قلنا- في قدر مدة أزمان الدنيا، من مبدأ أولها إلى منتهى آخرها- من أثبت ما قيل في ذلك عندنا من القول، للشواهد الدالة التي بيناها على صحة ذلك.
وقد روي عن رسول الله ص خبر يدل على صحة قول من قال: إن الدنيا كلها ستة آلاف سنة، لو كان صحيحا سنده لم نعد القول به إلى غيره، وذلك ما حَدَّثَنِي بِهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنانٍ القَزّازُ، قالَ: حَدَّثَنا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ ابن عبد الوارث، حدثنا زبان، عَنْ عاصِمٍ، عَنْ أبِي صالِحٍ، عَنْ أبِي هريرة، ان [رسول الله ص قالَ: الحُقْبُ ثَمانُونَ عامًا، اليَوْمُ مِنها سُدُسُ الدُّنْيا].
فبين في هذا الخبر أن الدنيا كلها ستة آلاف سنة، وذلك أن اليوم الذي هو من أيام الآخرة إذا كان مقداره ألف سنة من سني الدنيا، وكان اليوم الواحد من ذلك سدس الدنيا، كان معلوما بذلك أن جميعها ستة أيام من أيام الآخرة، وذلك ستة آلاف سنة.}}


''Those who said this''
{{Quote|الطبري، أبو جعفر (ت 923). [https://app.turath.io/book/9783 ''تاريخ الرسل والملوك'']. المكتبة الشاملة. ج.1، ص.22.
|فإذا كان ذلك كذلك، وكان صحيحا عن رسول الله ص ما حَدَّثَنا هَنّادُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ، قالَ: حَدَّثَنا أبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيّاشٍ، عَنْ أبِي سَعْدٍ البَقّالِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبّاسٍ- قالَ هناد: وقرات سائر الحديث على ابى بكر- ان اليهود أتت النبي ص فَسَألَتْهُ عَنْ خَلْقِ السَّمَواتِ والأرْضِ فَقالَ: خَلَقَ اللَّهُ الأرْضَ يَوْمَ الأحَدِ والاثْنَيْنِ، وخَلَقَ الجِبالَ يَوْمَ الثُّلاثاءِ وما فِيهِنَّ مِن مَنافِعَ، وخَلَقَ يوم الأربعاء الشجر والماء والمدائن والعمران والخراب، فهذه اربعه، ثم قال: «قُلْ أإنَّكُمْ لَتَكْفُرُونَ بِالَّذِي خَلَقَ الأرْضَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وتَجْعَلُونَ لَهُ أنْدادًا ذلِكَ رَبُّ العالَمِينَ وجَعَلَ فِيها رَواسِيَ مِن فَوْقِها وبارَكَ فِيها وقَدَّرَ فِيها أقْواتَها فِي أرْبَعَةِ أيّامٍ سَواءً لِلسّائِلِينَ»، لِمَن سَألَ قالَ: وخَلَقَ يَوْمَ الخَمِيسِ السَّماءَ، وخَلَقَ يَوْمَ الجُمُعَةِ النُّجُومَ والشَّمْسَ والقَمَرَ والمَلائِكَةَ، إلى ثَلاثِ ساعاتٍ بَقِيَتْ مِنهُ، فَخَلَقَ فِي أوَّلِ ساعَةٍ مِن هَذِهِ الثَّلاثِ السّاعاتِ الآجالَ مَن يَحْيا ومَن يَمُوتُ، وفِي الثّانِيَةِ ألْقى الآفَةَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِمّا يَنْتَفِعُ بِهِ النّاسُ، وفِي الثّالِثَةِ آدَمَ وأسْكَنَهُ الجَنَّةَ، وأمَرَ إبْلِيسَ بِالسُّجُودِ لَهُ}}


According to Abu Hisham -Mu'awiyah b. Hisham -Sufyan -al-A'mash -Abu Salih -Kab : This '''world is six thousand years'''.
{{Quote|الطبري، أبو جعفر (ت 923). [https://app.turath.io/book/9783 ''تاريخ الرسل والملوك'']. المكتبة الشاملة. ج.1، ص.47.
|القول فيما خلق الله في كل يوم من الأيام السته التي ذكر الله في كتابه أنه خلق فيهن السموات والأرض وما بينهما
اختلف السلف من أهل العلم في ذلك:
فقال بعضهم ما حَدَّثَنِي به المثنى بْنُ إبْراهِيمَ، قالَ: حَدَّثَنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أبُو مَعْشَرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلامٍ، أنَّهُ قالَ: إنَّ اللَّهَ بَدَأ الخَلْقَ يَوْمَ الأحَدِ، فَخَلَقَ الأرَضِينَ فِي الأحَدِ والاثْنَيْنِ، وخَلَقَ الأقْواتَ والرَّواسِي فِي الثُّلاثاءِ والأرْبِعاءِ، وخَلَقَ السَّمَواتِ فِي الخَمِيسِ والجُمُعَةِ، وفَرَغَ فِي آخِرِ ساعَةٍ مِن يَوْمِ الجُمُعَةِ، فَخَلَقَ فِيها آدَمَ عَلى عَجَلٍ، فَتِلْكَ السّاعَةُ الَّتِي تَقُومُ فِيها السّاعَةُ.
حَدَّثَنِي مُوسى بْنُ هارُونَ، حَدَّثَنا عَمْرُو بن حماد، حدثنا أسباط، عن السدي، في خبر ذكره عن أبي مالك وعن أبي صالح، عن ابن عباس- وعن مرة الهمداني عن ابن مسعود- وعن ناس من أصحاب النبي ص قالُوا: جَعَلَ- يَعْنُونَ رَبَّنا تَبارَكَ وتَعالى- سَبْعَ أرَضِينَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ: الأحَدِ والاثْنَيْنِ، وجَعَلَ فِيها رَواسِيَ أنْ تَمِيدَ بِكُمْ، وخَلَقَ الجِبالَ فِيها وأقوات أهلها، وشجرها وما ينبغي لها في يَوْمَيْنِ: فِي الثُّلاثاءِ والأرْبِعاءِ، ثُمَّ اسْتَوى إلى السَّماءِ وهِيَ دُخانٌ فَجَعَلَها سَماءً واحِدَةً، ثُمَّ فَتَقَها فَجَعَلَها سَبْعَ سَمَواتٍ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ: الخَمِيسِ والجُمُعَةِ.
حَدَّثَنا تَمِيمُ بْنُ المُنْتَصِرِ، قالَ: أخْبَرَنا إسحاق، عن شريك، عن غالب ابن غَلابٍ، عَنْ عَطاءِ بْنِ أبِي رَباحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبّاسٍ، قالَ: خَلَقَ اللَّهُ الأرْضَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ الأحَدِ والاثْنَيْنِ.
ففي قول هؤلاء خلقت الأرض قبل السماء، لأنها خلقت عندهم في الأحد والاثنين
وقال آخرون: خلق الله ﷿ الأرض قبل السماء بأقواتها من غير أن يدحوها، ثم استوى إلى السماء فسواهن سبع سموات، ثم دحا الأرض بعد ذلك.
ذِكْرُ مَن قالَ ذَلِكَ:
حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ داوُدَ، قالَ: حَدَّثَنا أبُو صالِحٍ، قالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُعاوِيَةُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبّاسٍ: قَوْلُهُ ﷿ حَيْثُ ذَكَرَ خَلَقَ الأرْضَ قَبْلَ السَّماءِ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ السَّماءَ قَبْلَ الأرْضِ، وذَلِكَ أنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ الأرْضَ بِأقْواتِها مِن غَيْرِ أنْ يَدْحُوَها قَبْلَ السَّماءِ، ثُمَّ اسْتَوى إلى السماء فسواهن سبع سموات، ثم دحا الأرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: «والأرْضَ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ دَحاها».}}


According to Muhammad b. Sahl b. 'Askar -Ismail b. 'Abd al-Karim -'Abd al-Samad b. Ma'qil i -Wahb : Five thousand six hundred years of this world have elapsed. I do not know which kings and prophets lived in every period (zaman) of those years. I asked Wahb b. Munabbih: How long is (the total duration of) this world? He replied: '''Six thousand years'''.}}
{{Quote|الطبري، أبو جعفر (ت 923). [https://app.turath.io/book/9783 ''تاريخ الرسل والملوك'']. المكتبة الشاملة. ج.1، ص.26.
 
|وبنحو الذي ورد عن رسول الله ص من الخبر، بأن الله جل جلاله خلق الشمس والقمر بعد خلقه السموات والأرض وأشياء غير ذلك، ورد الخبر عن جماعة من السلف أنهم قالوه.
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|page=183-184}}
ذكر الخبر عمن قال ذلك منهم:
|All these facts taken together make it clear that of the two statements I have mentioned concerning the total extent of time, the one from Ibn 'Abbas, and the other from Kab, the one more likely to be correct in accordance with the information coming from the Messenger of God is that of Ibn 'Abbas transmitted here by us on his authority: '''The world is one of the weeks of the other world-seven thousand years'''.'
حدثنا أبو هشام الرفاعى، حدثنا ابن يمان، حَدَّثَنا سُفْيانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمانَ بْنِ مُوسى، عَنْ مُجاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبّاسٍ:
 
«فَقالَ لَها ولِلْأرْضِ ائْتِيا طَوْعًا أوْ كَرْهًا قالَتا أتَيْنا طائِعِينَ».
Consequently, because this is so and '''the report on the authority of the Messenger of God is sound'''-namely, that he reported that what remained of the time of this world during his life was half a day, or five hundred years, since five hundred years are half a day of the days, of which one is a thousand years-the conclusion is that '''the time of this world that had elapsed to the moment of the Prophet's statement corresponds to what we have transmitted on the authority of Abu Tha'labah al-Khushani from the Prophet, and is 6,500 years or approximately 6,500 years'''. God knows best!
قالَ: قالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ لِلسَّمَواتِ: أطْلِعِي شمسى وقمرى، واطلعى نجومى.
 
وقالَ لِلأرْضِ: شَقِّقِي أنْهارَكِ، وأخْرِجِي ثِمارَكِ، فَقالَتا: أتَيْنا طائِعِينَ.
Our statement about the duration of the periods (azman) of this world from its very beginning to its very end '''is the most firmly established of all the statements we have''', on account of the testimony to its soundness as explained by us. Information has (also) been transmitted on the authority of the Messenger of God to prove the soundness of the statement that''' all of this world is six thousand years'''. If its chain of transmitters were sound, we would have to go no further. It is Muhammad b. Sinan al-Qazzaz'43 -'Abd al-Samad b. 'Abd al-Warithf -Zabban -'Asim' -Abu Salih-Abu Hurayrah: The Messenger of God said: AI-hugb is eighty years. The day of them is one-sixth of this world."" According to this tradition, it is clear that '''all of this world is six thousand years'''. That is because, if one day of the other world equals one thousand years and a single such day is one-sixth of this world, the conclusion would be that the total is six of the days of the other world, and that is '''six thousand years'''.}}
حَدَّثَنا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُعاذٍ،: قالَ حَدَّثَنا يَزِيدُ، قال: حدثنا سعيد، عن قتادة:
 
«وأوْحى فِي كُلِّ سَماءٍ أمْرَها»، خلق فيها شمسها وقمرها ونجومها وصلاحها.
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|page=188}}
فقد بينت هذه الأخبار التي ذكرناها عن رسول الله ص وعمن ذكرناها عنه أن الله ﷿ خلق السموات والأرض قبل خلقه الزمان والأيام والليالي، وقبل الشمس والقمر والله أعلم
<BR>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.56 |page=1}}
}}
|Now then, this being so, there is [also] '''a sound tradition from the Messenger of God''' told us by Hannad b. al-Sari, who also said that he read all of the hadith (to Abu Bakr)'" -Abu Bakr b. 'Ayyash-Abu Sad al-Baggal -'Ikrimah Ibn 'Abbas: The Jews came to the Prophet and asked him about the creation of the heavens and the earth. He said: God created the earth on Sunday and Monday. He created the mountains and the uses they possess on Tuesday. '''On Wednesday, He created trees, water, cities and the cultivated and barren land'''. These are four (days). He continued (citing the Qur'an): "Say: Do you really not believe in the One Who created the earth in two days, and set up others like Him? That is the Lord of the worlds. He made in it firmly anchored (mountains) above it and blessed it and decreed that it contain the amount of food it provides, (all) in four days, equally for those asking -for those who ask. He continued: '''On Thursday, He created heaven. On Friday, He created the stars, the sun, the moon, and the angels, until three hours remained'''. In the first of these three hours, He created the terms (of human life), who would live and who would die. In the second , He cast harm upon everything that is useful for mankind. And in the third, (He created) Adam and had him dwell in Paradise. He commanded Iblis to prostrate himself before Adam, and He drove Adam out of Paradise at the end of the hour.}}
 
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=189-191}}
|According to al-Qasim b. Bishr b. Ma'ruf and al-Husayn b.
'Ali al-Suda'i -Hajjaj -Ibn Jurayj -Isma'il b. Umayyah-Ayyub b. Khalid -'Abdallah b. Rafi', the mawla of Umm Salamah -Abu Hurayrah: The Messenger of God took me by the hand. Then he said: '''God created the soil on Saturday. Upon it, He created the mountains on Sunday. He created the trees on Monday. He created evil on Tuesday. He created light on Wednesday. He scattered the animals on the earth on Thursday, and He created Adam as the last of His creatures after (the time of) the afternoon prayer in the last hour of Friday''', in the time between the afternoon prayer and night(fall)."'
 
According to Muhammad b. 'Abdallah b. Bazi'-al-Fudayl b. Sulayman-Muhammad b. Zayd176 -Abu Salamah b. 'Abd al- Rahman b. 'Awf -Ibn Salam and Abu Hurayrah who mentioned the hour (of Adam's creation) on Friday on the authority of the Prophet as he stated it. 'Abdallih b. Salim said: I know which hour it is. '''God began the creation of the heavens and the earth on Sunday, and He finished in the last hour of Friday'''. Thus, it is the last hour of Friday (in which Adam was created).  
 
According to al-Muthanna -al-Hajjaj-Hammid -'Ata' b. al-Sa'ib -'Ikrimah: The Jews asked the Prophet: What about Sunday? The Messenger of God replied: On it, '''God created the earth and spread it out. They asked about Monday, and he replied: On it, He created Adam. They asked about Tuesday, and he replied: On it, He created the mountains, water, and so on. They asked about Wednesday, and he replied: Food. They asked about Thursday, and he replied: He created the heavens. They asked about Friday, and he replied: God created night and day'''. Then, when they asked about Saturday and mentioned God's rest(ing on it), he exclaimed : God be praised! God then revealed: "We have created the heavens and the earth and what is between them in six days, and fatigue did not touch Us."
 
'''The two reports transmitted by us from the Messenger of God have made it clear that the sun and the moon were created after God had created many things of His creation'''. That is because the '''hadith of Ibn 'Abbas on the authority of the Messenger of God''' indicates that God created the sun and the moon on Friday. If this is so, earth and heaven and what is in them, except the angels and Adam, had been created before God created the sun and the moon. All this (thus) existed while there was no light and no day, since night and day are but nouns designating hours known through the traversal by the sun and the moon of the course of the sphere. Now, if it is correct that the earth and the heaven and what is between them, except what we have mentioned, were in existence when there was no sun and no moon, the conclusion is that all that existed when there was no night and no day. The same (conclusion results from) the following '''hadith of Abu Hurayrah reported on the authority of the Messenger of God: God created light on Wednesday-meaning by "light" the sun, if God wills'''.}}
 
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=192-193}}
|Reports similar to the one that has come down '''on the Prophet's authority''', namely, that '''God created the sun and the moon after His creation of the heavens and the earth''' and other things, have come down from a number of early (scholars), as follows:
 
According to Abu Hisham al-Rifa'i-Ibn Yaman -Sufyan- Ibn Jurayj-Sulayman b. Musa' -Mujahid-Ibn 'Abbas, commenting
on: "And He said to (the heaven ) and the earth: Come willingly or unwillingly! They said: We come willingly," as follows: God said to the heavens: Cause My sun and My moon to rise and cause My stars to rise, and to the earth He said: Split your rivers and bring forth your fruit . Both replied: "We come willingly."
 
According to Bishr b. Mu'adh` -Yazid -Sa'id - Qatadah, commenting on: "And He revealed in every heaven its
command": He created in it its sun, its moon , and its stars, and what is good for it.
 
'''These reports, mentioned by us on the authority of the Messenger of God and those who mentioned them on his authority, have made it clear that God created the heavens and the earth before He created time, day and night, and the sun and the moon. God knows best!'''}}


====إبليس====
====إبليس====


{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|page=}}|When Iblis' haughtiness and opposition to the command of his Lord which had been concealed from the angels became apparent to them, and the Lord censured Iblis for the disobedience he had shown to Him by not prostrating himself before Adam, but Iblis persisted in his disobedience and continued in his error and perversion, God cursed him and expelled him from Paradise. He deprived him of the rule that had been his over the lower heaven and the earth, and deposed him from his post as keeper of Paradise.God said to him:"Leave it! "-meaning Paradise-"for you are stoned. The curse will be upon you to the Day of Judgement." (God said this to Iblis) while he
{{Quote|الطبري، أبو جعفر (ت 923). [https://app.turath.io/book/9783 ''تاريخ الرسل والملوك'']. المكتبة الشاملة. ج.1، ص.103.
was still in heaven and had not (yet) fallen to earth.}}
|فَلَمَّا ظَهَرَ لِلْمَلائِكَةِ مِنَ اسْتِكْبَارِ إِبْلِيسَ مَا ظَهَرَ، وَمِنْ خِلافِهِ أَمْرَ رَبِّهِ مَا كَانَ مُسْتَتِرًا عَنْهُمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، عَاتَبَهُ رَبُّهُ عَلَى مَا أَظْهَرَ مِنْ مَعْصِيَتِهِ إِيَّاهُ بِتَرْكِهِ السُّجُودَ لآدَمَ، فَأَصَرَّ عَلَى مَعْصِيَتِهِ، وَأَقَامَ عَلَى غَيِّهِ وَطُغْيَانِهِ- لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ- فَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، وَطَرَدَهُ مِنْهَا، وَسَلَبَهُ مَا كَانَ آتَاهُ مِنْ مُلْكِ السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا وَالأَرْضِ، وَعَزَلَهُ عن خزن الجنه فقال له جَلَّ جَلالُهُ: «فَاخْرُجْ مِنْها» ، يَعْنِي مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ «فَإِنَّكَ رَجِيمٌ وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكَ اللَّعْنَةَ إِلى يَوْمِ الدِّينِ» ، وَهُوَ بَعْدُ فِي السَّمَاءِ لَمْ يَهْبِطْ إِلَى الارض}}




====آدم وحواء====
====آدم وحواء====


{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|page=273}}<BR>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.1 |page=103}}
{{Quote|الطبري، أبو جعفر (ت 923). [https://app.turath.io/book/9783 ''تاريخ الرسل والملوك'']. المكتبة الشاملة. ج.1، ص.103-104.
 
 
|Iblis was driven out of Paradise when he was cursed, and Adam was settled in Paradise. Adam used to go about there all alone, not having a spouse to dwell with.`" He fell asleep, and when he woke up, he found sitting at his head '''a woman who had been created by God from his rib'''. He asked her what she was, and she replied: A woman. He asked for what purpose she had been created, and she replied: For you to dwell with me. The angels, looking (to find out) the extent of Adam's knowledge, asked him her name. He replied: Eve (Hawwa'). When the angels asked why she was called Eve, he replied: Because she was created from a living (hayy) thing. God said: "Adam, dwell you and your spouse in Paradise! Eat freely of its plenty wherever you wish!"}}
 
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|page=274}}<BR>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.1|page=104}}
|Then He '''took one of Adam's ribs from his left side and replaced it with flesh, while Adam was asleep and did not stir, until God had created his spouse Eve from that rib of his'''. He fashioned her to be a woman for him to dwell with. When slumber was lifted from him and he woke, he saw her at his side. It has been assumed-God knows best!-that Adam said: My flesh and blood and spouse, and he dwelled with her. When God gave him a spouse and made for him a comfort (sakan) from his own person, He said to him face to face': Adam, dwell you and your spouse in Paradise! Eat freely of its plenty wherever you wish, but do not go near this tree, or you will be wrongdoers."
 
According to Muhammad b. 'Amr-Abu 'Asim (al-Nabil)-Isa (b. Maymun)-Ibn Abi Najih-Mujahid, commenting on God's word: '''"And He created from him his spouse, as follows: Eve from Adam's lowest rib''' (qusayra'), while he was asleep. Then Adam woke up and said: Attd!, which is "woman" in Nabataean
 
We were told the same by al-Muthanna-Abu Hudhayfah -Shibl -Ibn Abi Najih-Mujahid. According to Bishr b. Mu'adh-Yazid b. Zuray'-Sa'id (b. Abi 'Arubah)-Qatadah, commenting on: "'''And He created from him his spouse": Meaning Eve who was created from one of Adam's ribs'''.}}
 
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=277-278}}<BR>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. |page=108-109}}
 
|Eve took and ate of the (fruit offered to her). Then she went with it to Adam and said: Look at this tree! How sweet does it smell! How good does it taste! How beautiful is its color! Thus, Adam ate of it, and their secret parts became apparent to them. Adam went inside the tree (to hide). His Lord called out to him: Adam, where are you? Adam replied: I am here, my Lord. God said: Will you not come out? Adam replied: I feel shame before You, my Lord. God said: Cursed is the earth from which you were created, with a curse which will change its fruits to thorns. He continued. Neither in Paradise nor on earth was there a tree more excellent than the acacia (talk) and the lote-tree (sidr). Then '''God said: Eve, you are the one who inveigled My servant (Adam). Pregnancy will be difficult for you, and when you want to give birth to what is in your womb, you will often be in mortal danger'''. To the snake He said: You are the one who let the accursed Iblis enter your belly, so that he was able to inveigle My servant. '''You are cursed with a curse that will have the effect that your feet will be retracted into your belly''', and only the soil will be your sustenance. You will be the enemy of the children of Adam, and they will be your enemies. Wherever you encounter one of them, you will hold on to his heel, and wherever he encounters you, he will crush your head. Wahb was asked: And what did the angels use to eat? He replied: God does whatever He wants.}}


{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|page=278-279}}<BR>
|God forbade Adam and Eve to eat from one tree in Paradise, but (otherwise) they could freely eat of its plenty wherever they wished. Satan came and entered inside the snake. He spoke to Eve and whispered to Adam. He said: "Your Lord has only forbidden you this tree, lest you become angels or live eternally. And (Iblis) assured them with an oath: I am one of those who give you good advice.""' He continued. Eve cut the tree, and it bled. The feathers that covered Adam and Eve dropped off, "and they started to cover themselves with leaves of Paradise stitched together. Their Lord called out to them: Did I not forbid you this tree, and did I not tell you that Satan is for you a clear enemy? " Why did you eat of it, when I have forbidden it to you? '''Adam said: My Lord, Eve made me eat of it'''. When God asked Eve: Why did you make him eat of it? she replied: The snake commanded me to do it. So God asked the snake: Why did you command Eve to do it? and the snake replied: Iblis commanded me to do it. God said: Cursed and banished (is Iblis).691 '''Now, you, Eve, as you caused the tree to bleed, you will bleed every new moon''', and you, '''snake, I shall cut off your feet and you will walk slithering on your face'''. Whoever encounters you, will crush your head with stones. "Fall down being one another's enemy!"}}


{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|page=280-281}}
|فَأُخْرِجَ إبْلِيسُ مِنَ الجَنَّةِ حِينَ لُعِنَ وأُسْكِنَ آدَمُ الجَنَّةَ، فَكانَ يَمْشِي فِيها وحْشِيًّا لَيْسَ لَهُ زَوْجٌ يَسْكُنُ إلَيْها، فَنامَ نَوْمَةً فاسْتَيْقَظَ، فَإذا عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ امْرَأةٌ قاعِدَةٌ خَلَقَها اللَّهُ مِن ضِلْعِهِ، فَسَألَها: ما أنْتِ؟ قالَتِ: امْرَأةٌ، قالَ: ولِمَ خُلِقْتِ؟ قالَتْ:
|Satan whispered to Eve about the tree and succeeded in taking her to it; then he made it seem good to Adam. He continued. When Adam felt a need for her and called her, she said: No! unless you go there. When he went, she said again: No! unless you eat from this tree. He continued. They both ate from it, and their secret parts became apparent to them. He continued. Adam then went about in Paradise in flight. His Lord called out to him: Adam, is it from Me that you are fleeing? Adam replied: No, my Lord, but I feel shame before You. '''When God asked what had caused his trouble, he replied: Eve, my Lord. Whereupon God said: Now it is My obligation to make her bleed once every month, as she made this tree bleed. I also must make her stupid, although I created her intelligent (halimah), and must make her suffer pregnancy and birth with difficulty, although I made it easy for her to be pregnant and give birth. Ibn Zayd continued: Were it not for the affliction that affected Eve, the women of this world would not menstruate, and they would be intelligent and, when pregnant, give birth easily'''.
لِتَسْكُنَ إلَيَّ، قالَتْ لَهُ المَلائِكَةُ يَنْظُرُونَ ما بَلَغَ عِلْمُهُ: ما اسْمُها يا آدَمُ؟
قالَ: حَوّاءُ، قالُوا: لِمَ سُمِّيَتْ حَوّاءَ؟ قالَ: لأنَّها خُلِقَتْ مِن شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ، فَقالَ اللَّهُ تَعالى: «يا آدَمُ اسْكُنْ أنْتَ وزَوْجُكَ الجَنَّةَ وكُلا مِنها رَغَدًا حَيْثُ شِئْتُما».}}


According to Ibn Humayd-Salamah-Muhammad b. Ishaq- Yazid b. 'Abdallah b. Qusayt -Sa'id b. al-Musayyab: I heard him swear by God unequivocally: '''As long as Adam was in his right mind, he did not eat from the tree. Eve, however, gave him wine to drink, and when he was drunk, she led him to the tree, and he ate from it.'''
{{Quote|الطبري، أبو جعفر (ت 923). [https://app.turath.io/book/9783 ''تاريخ الرسل والملوك'']. المكتبة الشاملة. ج.1، ص.104-105.
| ثم أخذ ضلعا من أضلاعه من شقه الأيسر، ولأم مكانها لحما، وآدم ع نائم لم يهب من نومته، حتى خلق الله تعالى من ضلعه تلك زوجه حواء، فسواها امراه ليسكن إليها، فلما كشف عنه السنة وهب من نومته رآها إلى جنبه، فقال- فيما يزعمون والله أعلم: لحمي ودمي وزوجتي، فسكن إليها، فلما زوجه الله ﷿ وجعل له سكنا من نفسه، قال له قبلا: «يا آدَمُ اسْكُنْ أنْتَ وزَوْجُكَ الجَنَّةَ وكُلا مِنها رَغَدًا حَيْثُ شِئْتُما ولا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونا مِنَ الظّالِمِينَ».
حَدَّثَنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عمرو، قال: حدثنا أبو عاصم، قال: حدثنا عيسى، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷿: «وخَلَقَ مِنها
زَوْجَها» قال: حواء من قصيرى آدم، وهو ناعم فاسْتَيْقَظَ فَقالَ:
أثا بِالنَّبَطِيَّةِ، امْرَأةٌ.
حَدَّثَنا المثنى، قال: حدثنا أبو حذيفة، قال: حدثنا شبل، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد مثله.
حَدَّثَنا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُعاذٍ، قالَ: حَدَّثَنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، قالَ: حَدَّثَنا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتادَةَ: «وخَلَقَ مِنها زَوْجَها»، يَعْنِي حَوّاءَ، خُلِقَتْ مِن آدَمَ مِن ضِلْعٍ مِن أضْلاعِهِ}}


When Adam and Eve committed the sin (of eating from the forbidden tree), God drove them out of Paradise and deprived them of the luxury and generous plenty they had enjoyed. He threw them, their enemy Iblis, and the snake down to earth. The Lord said to them: "Fall down being one another's enemy!,
{{Quote|الطبري، أبو جعفر (ت 923). [https://app.turath.io/book/9783 ''تاريخ الرسل والملوك'']. المكتبة الشاملة. ج.1، ص.108-109.
|فأخذت حواء فأكلت منها، ثم ذهبت بها إلى آدم، فقالت: أنظر إلى هذه الشجرة ما أطيب ريحها، وأطيب طعمها، وأحسن لونها! فأكل منها آدم، فبدت لهما سوآتهما، فدخل آدم في جوف الشجرة، فناداه ربه: يا آدم، أين أنت؟ قال: أنا هذا يا رب، قال: ألا تخرج؟ قال: أستحي منك يا رب، قال: ملعونة الأرض التي خلقت منها لعنة حتى يتحول ثمارها شوكا! قال: ولم يكن في الجنة ولا في الأرض شجرة كانت أفضل من الطلح والسدر.
ثم قال: يا حواء، أنت التي غررت عبدي، فإنك لا تحملين حملا إلا حملته كرها، فإذا أردت أن تضعي ما في بطنك أشرفت على الموت مرارا وقال للحية: أنت التي دخل الملعون في بطنك حتى غر عبدي، ملعونة أنت لعنة حتى تتحول قوائمك في بطنك، ولا يكن لك رزق إلا التراب، أنت عدوة بني آدم وهم أعداؤك، حيث لقيت أحدا منهم أخذت بعقبه، وحيث لقيك شدخ رأسك
قيل لوهب: وما كانت الملائكة تأكل؟ قال: يفعل الله ما يشاء.}}


What we have stated about the subject was also stated by the early Muslim scholars}}
{{Quote|الطبري، أبو جعفر (ت 923). [https://app.turath.io/book/9783 ''تاريخ الرسل والملوك'']. المكتبة الشاملة. ج.1، ص.109.
|نهى الله تعالى آدم وحواء أن يأكلا من شجرة واحدة في الجنة، ويأكلا منها رغدا حيث شاءا، فجاء الشيطان فدخل في جوف الحية، فكلم حواء، ووسوس إلى آدم فقال: «مَا نَهاكُما رَبُّكُما عَنْ هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونا مَلَكَيْنِ أَوْ تَكُونا مِنَ الْخالِدِينَ وَقاسَمَهُما إِنِّي لَكُما لَمِنَ النَّاصِحِينَ» قال: فقطعت حواء الشجرة فدميت الشجرة، وسقط عنهما رياشهما الذي كان عليهما، «وَطَفِقا يَخْصِفانِ عَلَيْهِما مِنْ وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ وَناداهُما رَبُّهُما أَلَمْ أَنْهَكُما عَنْ تِلْكُمَا الشَّجَرَةِ وَأَقُلْ لَكُما إِنَّ الشَّيْطانَ لَكُما عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ» لم أكلتها وقد نهيتك عنها؟ قال: يا رب أطعمتني حواء، قال لحواء: لم أطعمته؟ قالت:


{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=292-293}}<BR>تاريخ الرسل والملوك
أمرتني الحية، قال للحية: لم أمرتها؟ قالت: أمرني إبليس، قال: ملعون مدحور! أما أنت يا حواء، فكما أدميت الشجرة تدمين في كل هلال، وأما أنت يا حية، فأقطع قوائمك فتمشين جريا على وجهك، وسيشدخ رأسك من لقيك بالحجر، اهبطوا بعضكم لبعض عدو.}}
{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.1 |pages=122-123}}


|It has been mentioned that '''the summit of the mountain upon which Adam was cast down is one of those closest to heaven among the mountains of the earth''' and that, when Adam was cast down upon it, '''his feet were upon it while his head was in heaven''' and he heard the prayer and praise-giving of the angels. Adam became (too) familiar with that, and the angels were in awe of him. Therefore, Adam's size was reduced.
{{Quote|الطبري، أبو جعفر (ت 923). [https://app.turath.io/book/9783 ''تاريخ الرسل والملوك'']. المكتبة الشاملة. ج.1، ص.111-112.
|وسوس الشيطان إلى حواء في الشجرة حتى اتى بها إليها، ثم حسنتها في عين آدم، قال: فدعاها آدم لحاجته، قالت:
لا: الا ان تأتي هاهنا، فلما أتى قالت: لا، إلا أن تأكل من هذه الشجرة، قال: فأكلا منها، فبدت لهما سوءاتهما قال: وذهب آدم هاربا في الجنة، فناداه ربه: يا آدم، أمني تفر؟ قال: لا يا رب، ولكن حياء منك، قال: يا آدم، انى اتيت؟ قال: من قبل حواء يا رب، فقال الله ﷿: فإن لها علي أن أدميها في كل شهر مرة، كما أدمت هذه الشجرة، وأن أجعلها سفيهة، وقد كنت خلقتها حليمة، وأن أجعلها تحمل كرها وتضع كرها، وقد كنت جعلتها تحمل يسرا وتضع يسرا قال ابن زيد: ولولا البلية التي أصابت حواء لكان نساء أهل الدنيا لا يحضن، ولكن حليمات، ولكن يحملن يسرا،.
ويضعن يسرا.
حَدَّثَنا ابن حميد، قال: حَدَّثَنا سلمة، عن مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إسْحاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الله بن قسيط، عن سعيد بن المسيب، قال: سمعته يحلف بالله ما يستثني: ما أكل آدم من الشجرة وهو يعقل، ولكن حواء سقته
الخمر حتى إذا سكر قادته إليها، فأكل منها فلما واقع آدم وحواء الخطيئة، أخرجهما الله تعالى من الجنه وسلبهما ما كانا فيه من النعمة والكرامة، وأهبطهما وعدوهما إبليس والحية إلى الأرض، فقال لهم ربهم: اهبطوا بعضكم لبعض عدو.
وكالذي قلنا في ذلك قال السلف من أهل العلم.}}


Those who said this
{{Quote|الطبري، أبو جعفر (ت 923). [https://app.turath.io/book/9783 ''تاريخ الرسل والملوك'']. المكتبة الشاملة. ج.1، ص.123-122.
|الملائكة تهابه، فنقص من طول آدم لذلك.
ذِكْرُ مَن قالَ ذَلِكَ:
حَدَّثَنا الحسن بن يحيى، قال: أخبرنا عبد الرزاق، قال: أخبرنا هشام بن حسان، عن سوار ختن عطاء، عن عطاء بن أبي رباح، قال: لما أهبط الله ﷿ آدم من الجنة كان رجلاه في الأرض، ورأسه في السماء، يسمع كلام أهل السماء ودعاءهم، يأنس إليهم، فهابته الملائكة حتى شكت إلى الله تعالى في دعائها وفي صلاتها، فخفضه الى الارض، فلما فقد ما كان يسمع منهم استوحش حتى شكا ذلك إلى الله ﷿ في دعائه وفي صلاته، فوجه إلى مكة فصار موضع قدمه قرية، وخطوته مفازة، حتى انتهى إلى مكة، وأنزل الله تعالى ياقوتة من ياقوت الجنة، فكانت على موضع البيت الآن، فلم يزل يطوف به حتى أنزل الله تعالى الطوفان، فرفعت تلك الياقوتة حتى بعث الله تعالى ابراهيم الخليل ع فبناه، فذلك قوله تعالى:
«وإذْ بَوَّأْنا لِإبْراهِيمَ مَكانَ البَيْتِ».
حدثنا الحسن بن يحيى، قال: أخبرنا عبد الرزاق، قال: أخبرنا معمر، عن قتادة، قال: وضع الله تعالى البيت مع آدم، فكان رأسه في السماء ورجلاه في الأرض، فكانت الملائكة تهابه، فنقص إلى ستين ذراعا، فحزن آدم إذ فقد أصوات الملائكة وتسبيحهم، فشكا ذلك إلى الله، فقال الله: يا آدم، إني أهبطت لك بيتا تطوف به كما يطاف حول عرشي، وتصلي عنده كما يصلى عند عرشي فانطلق اليه آدم ع، فخرج ومد له في خطوه، فكان بين كل خطوة مفازة، فلم تزل تلك المفاوز بعد ذلك، فاتى آدم ع البيت، فطاف به ومن بعده من الأنبياء


According to al-Hasan b. Yahya - 'Abd al-Razzaq - Hisham b. Hassan - Sawwar, the son in law (khatan) of 'Ata' - 'Ata' b. Abi Rabah: When God cast Adam down from Paradise, Adam's feet were upon earth, while his head was in heaven and he heard the speech and prayers of the inhabitants of heaven. He became (too) familiar with them, and the angels were in awe of him so much so that they eventually complained to God in their various prayers (du'a' and salah). God, therefore, lowered Adam down to earth. Adam missed what he used to hear from the angels and felt lonely so much so that he eventually complained about it to God in his various prayers. He was therefore sent to Mecca. (On the way, every) place where he set foot became a village, and (the interval between) his steps became a desert, until he reached Mecca. God sent down a jewel (yaqut ["ruby"]) of Paradise where the house is located today. (Adam) continued to circumambulate it, until God sent down the Flood. That jewel was lifted up, until God sent His friend Abraham to (re)build the House (in its later form). This is (meant by) God's word: "And We established for Abraham the place of the House of residence."


According to al-Hasan b. Yahya - 'Abd al-Razzaq - Ma'mar - Qatadah: God founded the House together with Adam. Adam's head was in heaven, while his feet were upon the earth. The angels were in awe of him. So '''his size was reduced to sixty cubits (30 meters).''' Adam was sad because he missed the voices and praise-givings of the angels. He complained about it to God, and God said: Adam, I have cast down a house for you to circumambulate, as one circumambulates My Throne, and to pray at it as one prays at My Throne. Adam left and went off. His steps were lengthened, and the interval between each (two) step(s) became a desert. Adam came to the House, and he and the prophets after him circumambulated it. }}
}}


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===ابن سعد===
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