الفرق بين المراجعتين لصفحة: «القرآن والحديث والعلماء: الخلق»

[مراجعة منقحة][مراجعة منقحة]
سطر ٤٠١: سطر ٤٠١:
'''Adam was cast down in India and Eve at Juddah'''. Then he came in her search and reached Jam'a; then Eve joined him, and so the place was known as al-Muzdalifah, and they had come together at Jam'a so it was known as Jam'a.}}
'''Adam was cast down in India and Eve at Juddah'''. Then he came in her search and reached Jam'a; then Eve joined him, and so the place was known as al-Muzdalifah, and they had come together at Jam'a so it was known as Jam'a.}}


==Scholars==
==العلماء==


===Heavens and Earth===
===السموات والأرض===


====Al Zamakhshari====
====الزمخشري====


{{Quote|Helmut Gätje, The Qur'an and its Exegesis, Oneworld Publications, 1996, pp. 150-151|Then He lifted Himself to heaven when it was smoke ... (Sura 41:11): The meaning is: Then, '''after he created the earth and what was on it, his wisdom led him to the creation of heaven''' without there being anything that could have dissuaded him from it. Some say that God’s Throne (‘arshuhu) was on the water before the creation of heaven and earth, and that God then caused a (pillar of) smoke to rise up out of the water, which arose over the water and remained (suspended) over it. Then God caused the water to dry up and made from it (the various) regions of the earth (aradun); and finally God created heaven out of the smoke which had risen up ...<BR><BR>One may now ask: Why does God mention the earth together with heaven and place them together in the command to come into being? '''Was the earth not already created in two days before heaven (was created)? To this I answer: God had created the material earth only after the creation of heaven, for God says: ‘And after that (that is, after the creation of heaven)''' He spread out the earth’ (Sura 79:30). Thus the meaning is: ‘Come forth in the form and condition in which you are to be made. Earth, come forth spread out as the resting-place and dwelling-place for your inhabitants! Heaven, come forth arched as a roof for her!’ By coming forth is meant that something originates and appears, as when one says: ‘His work had come forth in a satisfactory and welcome manner.’}}
{{Quote|Helmut Gätje, The Qur'an and its Exegesis, Oneworld Publications, 1996, pp. 150-151|Then He lifted Himself to heaven when it was smoke ... (Sura 41:11): The meaning is: Then, '''after he created the earth and what was on it, his wisdom led him to the creation of heaven''' without there being anything that could have dissuaded him from it. Some say that God’s Throne (‘arshuhu) was on the water before the creation of heaven and earth, and that God then caused a (pillar of) smoke to rise up out of the water, which arose over the water and remained (suspended) over it. Then God caused the water to dry up and made from it (the various) regions of the earth (aradun); and finally God created heaven out of the smoke which had risen up ...<BR><BR>One may now ask: Why does God mention the earth together with heaven and place them together in the command to come into being? '''Was the earth not already created in two days before heaven (was created)? To this I answer: God had created the material earth only after the creation of heaven, for God says: ‘And after that (that is, after the creation of heaven)''' He spread out the earth’ (Sura 79:30). Thus the meaning is: ‘Come forth in the form and condition in which you are to be made. Earth, come forth spread out as the resting-place and dwelling-place for your inhabitants! Heaven, come forth arched as a roof for her!’ By coming forth is meant that something originates and appears, as when one says: ‘His work had come forth in a satisfactory and welcome manner.’}}


====Al Jalalayn====
====الجلالين‎====


{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=2&tAyahNo=29&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Surah 2 Ayah 29]<BR>Tafsir al-Jalalayn, trans. Feras Hamza, Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought|2=He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth, that is, the earth and all that is in it, so that you may benefit from and learn lessons from it; then, '''after creating the earth, He turned to, that is, He made His object, heaven''' and levelled them (fa-sawwāhunna: the pronoun [-hunna] refers to ‘heaven’, since, it [heaven] is implicit in the import of the sentence attributed to it [the pronoun]), that is to say, He made them thus, as [He says] in another verse, [fa-qadāhunna] so He determined them [Q. 41:12]) seven heavens and He has knowledge of all things, in their totality and in their individual detail, so do you not then think that the One who has the power to create this to begin with, which is much greater than what you are, also has the power to bring you back [after death]?}}
{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=2&tAyahNo=29&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Surah 2 Ayah 29]<BR>Tafsir al-Jalalayn, trans. Feras Hamza, Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought|2=He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth, that is, the earth and all that is in it, so that you may benefit from and learn lessons from it; then, '''after creating the earth, He turned to, that is, He made His object, heaven''' and levelled them (fa-sawwāhunna: the pronoun [-hunna] refers to ‘heaven’, since, it [heaven] is implicit in the import of the sentence attributed to it [the pronoun]), that is to say, He made them thus, as [He says] in another verse, [fa-qadāhunna] so He determined them [Q. 41:12]) seven heavens and He has knowledge of all things, in their totality and in their individual detail, so do you not then think that the One who has the power to create this to begin with, which is much greater than what you are, also has the power to bring you back [after death]?}}
سطر ٤٢١: سطر ٤٢١:
{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=41&tAyahNo=12&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Surah 41 Ayah 12]<BR>Tafsir al-Jalalayn, trans. Feras Hamza, Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought|2=Then He ordained them (the [suffixed] pronoun refers back to al-samā’, ‘the heaven’, because it [al-samā’] actually denotes that plural [sense] to which it will lead [in the following clause), in other words, '''He made them to be, seven heavens in two days — Thursday and Friday. He completed them in the last hour thereof, in which He created Adam''' — which is why He does not say sawā’an, ‘evenly’ here [as He did earlier]; what is said here concords with those verse in which it is stated that the heavens and the earth were created in six days; and in each heaven He revealed its commandment’, that to which He commanded those in it [to follow], in the way of obedience and worship. And We adorned the lowest heaven with lamps, with stars, and [this was also] to guard them (hifzan is in the accusative because of its implicit verbal sense, in other words, ‘We guarded it against the devils lest they try to listen therein [to the angels] by stealth with meteors’). That is the ordaining of the Mighty, in His kingdom, the Knower, of His creatures.}}
{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=41&tAyahNo=12&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Surah 41 Ayah 12]<BR>Tafsir al-Jalalayn, trans. Feras Hamza, Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought|2=Then He ordained them (the [suffixed] pronoun refers back to al-samā’, ‘the heaven’, because it [al-samā’] actually denotes that plural [sense] to which it will lead [in the following clause), in other words, '''He made them to be, seven heavens in two days — Thursday and Friday. He completed them in the last hour thereof, in which He created Adam''' — which is why He does not say sawā’an, ‘evenly’ here [as He did earlier]; what is said here concords with those verse in which it is stated that the heavens and the earth were created in six days; and in each heaven He revealed its commandment’, that to which He commanded those in it [to follow], in the way of obedience and worship. And We adorned the lowest heaven with lamps, with stars, and [this was also] to guard them (hifzan is in the accusative because of its implicit verbal sense, in other words, ‘We guarded it against the devils lest they try to listen therein [to the angels] by stealth with meteors’). That is the ordaining of the Mighty, in His kingdom, the Knower, of His creatures.}}


====Ibn Kathir====
====ابن كثير====


{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/2.1494.html|2=2011-11-11}} The Beginning of the Creation]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=This Ayah (2:29) is explained in detail in Surat As-Sajdah where Allah said;
{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/2.1494.html|2=2011-11-11}} The Beginning of the Creation]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=This Ayah (2:29) is explained in detail in Surat As-Sajdah where Allah said;
سطر ٤٥١: سطر ٤٥١:
{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/62.53801.html|2=2011-11-10}} Al-Jumu`ah (Friday), and the Orders and Etiquette for Friday]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=Friday is called Al-Jumu`ah because it is derived from Al-Jam`, literally, gathering. The people of Islam gather weekly, on every Friday in the major places of worship. '''It was during Friday when Allah finished the creation, the sixth day, during which Allah created the heavens and earth. During Friday, Allah created Adam, and he was placed in Paradise''', and ironically, it was a Friday when he was taken out of Paradise. It will be on a Friday when the Last Hour will commence. There is an hour during Friday, wherein no faithful servant asks Allah for something good, but Allah will give him what he asked for. '''All of this is based upon Hadiths in the authentic collections'''.<BR><BR>In the ancient language Friday was called, `Arubah. It is a fact that previous nations were informed about Friday, but they were led astray from it. The Jews chose Saturday for their holy day, but Adam was not created on Saturday. '''The Christians chose Sunday, which is the day the creation was initiated. Allah chose Friday for this Ummah, because it is the day the creation was finished'''.}}
{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/62.53801.html|2=2011-11-10}} Al-Jumu`ah (Friday), and the Orders and Etiquette for Friday]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=Friday is called Al-Jumu`ah because it is derived from Al-Jam`, literally, gathering. The people of Islam gather weekly, on every Friday in the major places of worship. '''It was during Friday when Allah finished the creation, the sixth day, during which Allah created the heavens and earth. During Friday, Allah created Adam, and he was placed in Paradise''', and ironically, it was a Friday when he was taken out of Paradise. It will be on a Friday when the Last Hour will commence. There is an hour during Friday, wherein no faithful servant asks Allah for something good, but Allah will give him what he asked for. '''All of this is based upon Hadiths in the authentic collections'''.<BR><BR>In the ancient language Friday was called, `Arubah. It is a fact that previous nations were informed about Friday, but they were led astray from it. The Jews chose Saturday for their holy day, but Adam was not created on Saturday. '''The Christians chose Sunday, which is the day the creation was initiated. Allah chose Friday for this Ummah, because it is the day the creation was finished'''.}}


====Al Munajjid====
====المنجد====


{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/31865/creation|2=2011-11-07}} Were the heavens and the earth created in six days or eight?]<BR>Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 31865|2=So '''the earth was created in two days''', and '''the mountains were created and the sustenance measured in two more days''' which makes a total of four, i.e., this took the other two days. Then '''the creation of the seven heavens took two days'''. So the total is six days of the Days of Allaah, may He be glorified and exalted. }}
{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/31865/creation|2=2011-11-07}} Were the heavens and the earth created in six days or eight?]<BR>Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 31865|2=So '''the earth was created in two days''', and '''the mountains were created and the sustenance measured in two more days''' which makes a total of four, i.e., this took the other two days. Then '''the creation of the seven heavens took two days'''. So the total is six days of the Days of Allaah, may He be glorified and exalted. }}
سطر ٤٦٧: سطر ٤٦٧:
And Allaah knows best.}}
And Allaah knows best.}}


===Adam and Eve===
===آدم وحواء===


====Al Ghazali====
====الغزّالي====


{{Quote|Book of Counsel for Kings (Nasihat Al-Muluk)|'''When Eve ate fruit which He had forbidden to her from the tree in Paradise, the Lord, be He praised, punished women with eighteen things''': (1) menstruation; (2) childbirth; (3) separation from mother and father and marriage to a stranger; (4) pregnancy; (5) not having control over her own person; (6) a lesser share in inheritance; (7) her liability to be divorced and inability to divorce; (8) its being lawful for men to have four wives, but for a woman to have only one husband; (9) the fact that she must stay secluded in the house; (10) the fact that she must keep her head covered inside the house; (11) the fact that two women’s testimony has to be set against the testimony of one man; (12) the fact that she must not go out of the house unless accompanied by a near relative; (13) the fact that men take part in Friday and feast prayers and funerals, while women do not; (14) disqualification for rulership and judgeship; (15) the fact that merit has one thousand components, only one which is attributable to women, while 999 are attributable to men….}}
{{Quote|Book of Counsel for Kings (Nasihat Al-Muluk)|'''When Eve ate fruit which He had forbidden to her from the tree in Paradise, the Lord, be He praised, punished women with eighteen things''': (1) menstruation; (2) childbirth; (3) separation from mother and father and marriage to a stranger; (4) pregnancy; (5) not having control over her own person; (6) a lesser share in inheritance; (7) her liability to be divorced and inability to divorce; (8) its being lawful for men to have four wives, but for a woman to have only one husband; (9) the fact that she must stay secluded in the house; (10) the fact that she must keep her head covered inside the house; (11) the fact that two women’s testimony has to be set against the testimony of one man; (12) the fact that she must not go out of the house unless accompanied by a near relative; (13) the fact that men take part in Friday and feast prayers and funerals, while women do not; (14) disqualification for rulership and judgeship; (15) the fact that merit has one thousand components, only one which is attributable to women, while 999 are attributable to men….}}


====Al Jalalayn====
====الجلالين‎====


{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=3&tAyahNo=59&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Surah 3 Ayah 59]<BR>Tafsir al-Jalalayn, trans. Feras Hamza, Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought|2=Truly, the likeness of Jesus, his remarkable case, in God’s sight, is as Adam’s likeness, as the case of '''Adam, whom God created without father or mother''': this is a comparison of one remarkable thing with another more remarkable, so that it convinces the disputer and establishes itself in one’s mind more effectively. '''He created him, Adam, that is, his form, of dust, then said He to him, ‘Be,’, a human being, and he was'''; similarly, He said to Jesus, ‘Be’ — without a father — and he was.}}
{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=3&tAyahNo=59&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Surah 3 Ayah 59]<BR>Tafsir al-Jalalayn, trans. Feras Hamza, Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought|2=Truly, the likeness of Jesus, his remarkable case, in God’s sight, is as Adam’s likeness, as the case of '''Adam, whom God created without father or mother''': this is a comparison of one remarkable thing with another more remarkable, so that it convinces the disputer and establishes itself in one’s mind more effectively. '''He created him, Adam, that is, his form, of dust, then said He to him, ‘Be,’, a human being, and he was'''; similarly, He said to Jesus, ‘Be’ — without a father — and he was.}}
سطر ٤٧٩: سطر ٤٧٩:
{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=4&tAyahNo=1&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Surah 4 Ayah 1]<BR>Tafsir al-Jalalayn, trans. Feras Hamza, Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought|2=O people, of Mecca, fear your Lord, that is, His punishment by being obedient to Him, Who '''created you of a single soul, Adam, and from it created its mate, Eve (Hawwā’), from one of his left ribs, and from the pair of them, Adam and Eve, scattered, separated and spread, many men and, many, women'''; and fear God by whom you claim [your rights] from one another (tassā’alūna: the original tā’ [of tatasā’alūna] has been assimilated with the sīn; a variant reading has tasā’alūna), so that one of you says to the other, ‘I ask you, by God…’, or ‘For God’s sake…’; and, fear, kinship ties, lest you sever them (a variant reading [of wa’l-arhāma, ‘and kinship ties’] is wa’l-arhāmi, as a supplement to the pronoun contained in bihi [sc. God]). They used to implore one another by ties of kinship. Surely God has been watchful over you, heedful of your deeds, for which He will requite you, that is to say, He is ever possessed of such an attribute.}}
{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=4&tAyahNo=1&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Surah 4 Ayah 1]<BR>Tafsir al-Jalalayn, trans. Feras Hamza, Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought|2=O people, of Mecca, fear your Lord, that is, His punishment by being obedient to Him, Who '''created you of a single soul, Adam, and from it created its mate, Eve (Hawwā’), from one of his left ribs, and from the pair of them, Adam and Eve, scattered, separated and spread, many men and, many, women'''; and fear God by whom you claim [your rights] from one another (tassā’alūna: the original tā’ [of tatasā’alūna] has been assimilated with the sīn; a variant reading has tasā’alūna), so that one of you says to the other, ‘I ask you, by God…’, or ‘For God’s sake…’; and, fear, kinship ties, lest you sever them (a variant reading [of wa’l-arhāma, ‘and kinship ties’] is wa’l-arhāmi, as a supplement to the pronoun contained in bihi [sc. God]). They used to implore one another by ties of kinship. Surely God has been watchful over you, heedful of your deeds, for which He will requite you, that is to say, He is ever possessed of such an attribute.}}


====Ibn Kathir====
====ابن كثير====


{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/3.8389.html|2=2011-11-12}} The Similarities Between the Creation of Adam and the Creation of `Isa]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=Allah said,
{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/3.8389.html|2=2011-11-12}} The Similarities Between the Creation of Adam and the Creation of `Isa]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=Allah said,
سطر ٥٠١: سطر ٥٠١:
''(And from them both He created many men and women;)'' means, '''Allah created from Adam and Hawwa' many men and women and distributed them throughout the world''' in various shapes, characteristics, colors and languages. In the end, their gathering and return will be to Allah. Allah then said,}}
''(And from them both He created many men and women;)'' means, '''Allah created from Adam and Hawwa' many men and women and distributed them throughout the world''' in various shapes, characteristics, colors and languages. In the end, their gathering and return will be to Allah. Allah then said,}}


====Al Munajjid====
====المنجد====


{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/34508/eve|2=2011-11-07}} Falseness of the theory of evolution]<BR>Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 34508|2=''Question:''
{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/34508/eve|2=2011-11-07}} Falseness of the theory of evolution]<BR>Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 34508|2=''Question:''
سطر ٦٢٣: سطر ٦٢٣:
The words “as a matter of necessity” indicate that it is not possible that things could have happened differently, otherwise '''how could all of mankind have come about? How could they have reproduced? There is no way that could have happened except by the sons of Adam marrying his daughters'''. }}
The words “as a matter of necessity” indicate that it is not possible that things could have happened differently, otherwise '''how could all of mankind have come about? How could they have reproduced? There is no way that could have happened except by the sons of Adam marrying his daughters'''. }}


====Al-Fawzan====
====الفوزان‎====


{{Quote|[http://www.memri.org/clip/en/0/0/0/0/0/350/1483.htm Husbands Should Put Up with Their Wives' Slips and Errors, Because the Twisted Nature of Women Stems from Their Very Creation]<BR>MEMRI TV, Clip No. 1483, Broadcast: June 11, 2007|The Prophet '''Muhammad said about women: "I have not seen anyone more deficient in intelligence and religion than you'''. A cautious sensible man could be led astray by some of you," and so on. This hadith and others like it were misunderstood by the ignorant. Corrupt people interpreted it in a way that differs from its original intent. Because of their ignorance, their insolence, their stupidity, and because of their enmity towards Islam and Muslims, they turned this hadith into evidence that Islam disgraces women, diminishing her value, and describes her in inadequate terms.<BR>. . .<BR>
{{Quote|[http://www.memri.org/clip/en/0/0/0/0/0/350/1483.htm Husbands Should Put Up with Their Wives' Slips and Errors, Because the Twisted Nature of Women Stems from Their Very Creation]<BR>MEMRI TV, Clip No. 1483, Broadcast: June 11, 2007|The Prophet '''Muhammad said about women: "I have not seen anyone more deficient in intelligence and religion than you'''. A cautious sensible man could be led astray by some of you," and so on. This hadith and others like it were misunderstood by the ignorant. Corrupt people interpreted it in a way that differs from its original intent. Because of their ignorance, their insolence, their stupidity, and because of their enmity towards Islam and Muslims, they turned this hadith into evidence that Islam disgraces women, diminishing her value, and describes her in inadequate terms.<BR>. . .<BR>
سطر ٦٢٩: سطر ٦٢٩:
Both husband and wife should satisfy their spouse's natural urges, and should try to gratify their desires, as long as nothing prevents this. This is why the Prophet said: "When a man calls his wife to fulfill his needs, she must go to him, even if she is busy with the oven." Imagine this: There is fire in the oven, and she wants to bake bread. But even if she's busy with this work that cannot be neglected, when he calls her, she must leave the oven and go to her husband. Another hadith says: "She must go to him, even if she is on the back of a camel." She must go to him, even if she is riding.}}
Both husband and wife should satisfy their spouse's natural urges, and should try to gratify their desires, as long as nothing prevents this. This is why the Prophet said: "When a man calls his wife to fulfill his needs, she must go to him, even if she is busy with the oven." Imagine this: There is fire in the oven, and she wants to bake bread. But even if she's busy with this work that cannot be neglected, when he calls her, she must leave the oven and go to her husband. Another hadith says: "She must go to him, even if she is on the back of a camel." She must go to him, even if she is riding.}}


====Islamweb====
====إسلام ويب====


{{Quote|1=[http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=90673 Were woman created from a rib?]<BR>Islamweb, Fatwa No. 90673, October 19, 2005|2='''Allaah mentioned that He created a woman from a man''', as He Says (which means): {O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate.}[Quran 4:1]. '''The Prophet  also clarified this as he said: "Treat women kindly. The woman has been created from a rib…"''' Moreover, some interpreters of the Quran reported that '''Ibn Abbaas  narrated that Hawa' [the wife of Aadam] is created from Aadam's left rib'''. This is what is meant, that Allaah created Hawa' from Aadam.}}
{{Quote|1=[http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=90673 Were woman created from a rib?]<BR>Islamweb, Fatwa No. 90673, October 19, 2005|2='''Allaah mentioned that He created a woman from a man''', as He Says (which means): {O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate.}[Quran 4:1]. '''The Prophet  also clarified this as he said: "Treat women kindly. The woman has been created from a rib…"''' Moreover, some interpreters of the Quran reported that '''Ibn Abbaas  narrated that Hawa' [the wife of Aadam] is created from Aadam's left rib'''. This is what is meant, that Allaah created Hawa' from Aadam.}}
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