الفرق بين المراجعتين لصفحة: «القرآن والحديث والعلماء: الحيوانات»

<big>التقليد الإسلامي لديه الكثير ليقوله عن الحيوانات المختلفة. ولعل أكثر ما يلفت النظر هو أن الحديث يقدم قصة رائعة عن البراق ، وهو مخلوق طائر أخذ محمد في جولة في المسجد الأقصى وكذلك في السماء. خارج البراق ، يقدم محمد والصحابة آراء قوية حول الحيوانات المختلفة. يظهر التقليد قبل كل شيء كراهية شديدة للكلاب ، التي ستمنع الملائكة من دخول منزل أولئك الذين يمتلكونها. يتم التغاضي عن قتلهم ، إلى جانب بعض الزواحف الأخرى "المزعجة" مثل السمندل والأبراص والأفاعي. بالإضافة إلى أن المؤمنين قد يقتلون ويأكلون بعض الحيوانات فقط ، ومنها البقر والماعز والغنم. بينما يُدان أكل الحيوانات "النجسة" مثل الكلاب والزواحف ، كذلك يُحكم على النباتيين ، وبالفعل ينص التقليد على أن اللحوم ستُقدم للمؤمنين في الجنة.</big>

{{Quote|Muhammad al-Alawi al-Maliki, ''al-Anwar al Bahiyya min Isra wa l-Mi'raj Khayr al-Bariyyah''|Then he [Gabriel] brought '''the Buraq, handsome-faced and bridled, a tall, white beast, bigger than the donkey but smaller than the mule. He could place his hooves at the farthest boundary of his gaze. He had long ears. Whenever he faced a mountain his hind legs would extend, and whenever he went downhill his front legs would extend. He had two wings on his thighs which lent strength to his legs'''.  

He bucked when the Prophet came to mount him. Jibril put his hand on his mane and said: "Are you not ashamed, O Buraq? By Allah, no-one has ridden you in all creation more dear to Allah than he is." Hearing this he was so ashamed that he sweated until he became soaked, and he stood still so that the Prophet mounted him.}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|448}}|Narrated Abu Talha: I heard Allah's Apostle saying; "Angels (of Mercy) do not enter a house wherein there is a dog or a picture of a living creature (a human being or an animal)."|See also: {{Bukhari|4|54|450}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|338}}, {{Bukhari|7|72|833}}, {{Bukhari|7|72|843}}, {{Muslim|24|5246}}, {{Muslim|24|5249}}, {{Muslim|24|5250}}, and {{Abu Dawud|1|227}}}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|24|5248}}|Maimuna reported that one morning Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) was silent with grief. Maimuna said: Allah's Messenger, I find a change in your mood today. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Gabriel had promised me that he would meet me tonight, but he did not meet me. By Allah, he never broke his promises, and Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) spent the day in this sad (mood). Then it occurred to him that there had been a puppy under their cot. He commanded and it was turned out. He then took some water in his hand and sprinkled it at that place. When it was evening Gabriel met him and he said to him: you promised me that you would meet me the previous night. He said: Yes, but '''we (angels) do not enter a house in which there is a dog or a picture'''. Then on that very morning he commanded the killing of the dogs until he announced that the dog kept for the orchards should also be killed, but he spared the dog meant for the protection of extensive fields (or big gardens).}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|9|490}}|Narrated 'Aisha: The things which annul the prayers were mentioned before me. They said, "Prayer is annulled by a dog, a donkey and a woman (if they pass in front of the praying people)." I said, "You have made us (i.e. women) dogs. I saw the Prophet praying while I used to lie in my bed between him and the Qibla. Whenever I was in need of something, I would slip away. for I disliked to face him."|See Also {{Bukhari|1|9|493}}, {{Bukhari|1|9|498}}, {{Muslim|4|1034}}, {{Abu Dawud|2|703}}, {{Abu Dawud|32|4140}}, {{Abu Dawud|32|4146}}}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|4|1032}}|Abu Dharr reported: The Messenger of 'Allah (may peace be upon him) said: When any one of you stands for prayer and there is a thing before him equal to the back of the saddle that covers him and in case there is not before him (a thing) equal to the back of the saddle, his prayer would be cut off by (passing of an) ass, woman, and black Dog. I said: O Abu Dharr, what feature is there in a black dog which distinguish it from the red dog and the yellow dog? He said: O, son of my brother, I asked the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) as you are asking me, and he said: '''The black dog is a devil.'''}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|29|54}}|Narrated Hafsa: Allah's Apostle said, "It is not sinful (of a Muhrim) to kill five kinds of animals, namely: the crow, the kite, the mouse, the scorpion and the rabid dog."}}

Malik said, about the "wild dogs" which people were told to kill in the Haram, that any animals that wounded, attacked, or terrorised men, such as lions, leopards, Iynxes and wolves, were counted as"wild dogs." However, someone who was in ihram should not kill beasts of prey that did not attack (people), such as hyenas, foxes, cats and anything else like them, and if he did then he had to pay a forfeit for it. Similarly, someone in ihram should not kill any predatory birds except the kinds that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, specified, namely crows and kites. If someone in ihram killed any other kind of bird he had to pay a forfeit for it.}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|24|5248}}|Maimuna reported that one morning Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) was silent with grief. Maimuna said: Allah's Messenger, I find a change in your mood today. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Gabriel had promised me that he would meet me tonight, but he did not meet me. By Allah, he never broke his promises, and Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) spent the day in this sad (mood). Then it occurred to him that there had been a puppy under their cot. He commanded and it was turned out. He then took some water in his hand and sprinkled it at that place. When it was evening Gabriel met him and he said to him: you promised me that you would meet me the previous night. He said: Yes, but we do not enter a house in which there is a dog or a picture.''' Then on that very morning he commanded the killing of the dogs until he announced that the dog kept for the orchards should also be killed, but he spared the dog meant for the protection of extensive fields (or big gardens)'''.}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|10|3811}}|Abdullah (b. Umar) (Allah be pleased with them) reported: '''Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) ordered the killing of dogs''' and we would send (men) in Medina and its corners and '''we did not spare any dog that we did not kill''', so much so that we killed the dog that accompanied the wet she-camel belonging to the people of the desert.}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|26|5562}}, See also {{Muslim|26|5563}}, {{Muslim|26|5564}}, {{Muslim|26|5565}} and {{Muslim|26|5566}}| Amir b. Sa'd reported on the authority of his father that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) commanded the killing of geckos, and he called them little noxious creatures.}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|526}}|Narrated Um Sharik: That the Prophet ordered her to kill Salamanders.}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|525}}|Narrated Aisha: The Prophet called the Salamander, a mischief-doer. I have not heard him ordering that it should be killed. Sad bin Waqqas claims that the Prophet ordered that it should be killed.}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|518}}|Narrated Ibn Umar:  

{{Quote|{{Abudawud|3|921}}|Narrated AbuHurayrah: The Prophet said: Kill the two black things during prayer, the snake and scorpion.}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|23|4993}}|Jabir reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Shut the doors; the rest of the hadith is the same but with a slight variation of wording: Cover the utensils, and further said: It (the mouse) may set fire to the clothes of the residents of the house.}}  

{{Quote|{{Muwatta|49|49|10|21}}|Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zubayr al-Makki from Jabir ibn Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Lock the door, tie the waterskin, turn the vessel over or cover it, and put out the lamp. Shaytan does not open a locked door or untie a tied knot, or uncover a vessel. A mouse may set fire to people's houses about them."}}

{{Quote|{{cite web|url=https://sunnah.com/urn/1080540 |title=Sunan al-Nasai 3:24:2889 |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl=https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20121018031507/https://sunnah.com/urn/1080540 |deadurl=no}}|It was narrated from Aishah that the Messenger of Allah said: "Geckos are vermin."}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|55|546}}|Narrated Anas:

When 'Abdullah bin Salam heard the arrival of the Prophet at Medina, he came to him and said, "I am going to ask you about three things which nobody knows except a prophet: What is the first portent of the Hour? What will be the first meal taken by the people of Paradise? Why does a child resemble its father, and why does it resemble its maternal uncle" Allah's Apostle said, "Gabriel has just now told me of their answers." 'Abdullah said, "He (i.e. Gabriel), from amongst all the angels, is the enemy of the Jews." Allah's Apostle said, "The first portent of the Hour will be a fire that will bring together the people from the east to the west; '''the first meal of the people of Paradise will be Extra-lobe (caudate lobe) of fish-liver'''. As for the resemblance of the child to its parents: If a man has sexual intercourse with his wife and gets discharge first, the child will resemble the father, and if the woman gets discharge first, the child will resemble her."}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|39|515}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "Whoever keeps a dog, one Qirat of the reward of his good deeds is deducted daily, unless the dog is used for guarding a farm or cattle." Abu Huraira (in another narration) said from the Prophet, "unless it is used for guarding sheep or farms, or for hunting." Narrated Abu Hazim from Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "A dog for guarding cattle or for hunting."|See also: {{Bukhari|3|39|516}}, {{Bukhari|3|39|516}}, {{Bukhari|7|67|389}}, {{Bukhari|7|67|390}}, {{Bukhari|7|67|391}}, {{Muslim|10|3813}}, {{Muwatta|54|5|13|}}, and {{Muwatta|54|5|12|}}}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|24|5280}}|Abu Bashir Ansari reported that he had had (the opportunity of accompanying Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) in some of his journeys. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sent one of his messengers 'Abdullah b Abi Bakr said: I think he said (these words) when the people were at the places of rest: '''No necklace of strings be left on the necks of the camels or the necklace kept unbroken'''. Imam Malik said: To my mind (this practice) of wearing necklace round the necks of camels or animals was because of the fact that they (wanted to save them) from the influence of the evil eye.}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|26|623}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik: Allah's Apostle offered four Rakat of Zuhr prayer at Medina and we were in his company, and two Rakat of the Asr prayer at Dhul-Hulaifa and then passed the night there till it was dawn; then he rode, and when he reached Al-Baida', he praised and glorified Allah and said Takbir (i.e. Alhamdu-lillah and Subhanallah(1) and Allahu-Akbar). Then he and the people along with him recited Talbiya with the intention of performing Hajj and Umra. When we reached (Mecca) he ordered us to finish the lhram (after performing the Umra) (only those who had no Hadi (animal for sacrifice) with them were asked to do so) till the day of Tarwiya that is 8th Dhul-Hijja when they assumed Ihram for Hajj. '''The Prophet sacrificed many camels (slaughtering them) with his own hands while standing. While Allah's Apostle was in Medina he sacrificed two horned rams black and white in color''' in the Name of Allah.}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|26|778}}|Narrated 'Amra: I heard 'Aisha saying, "We set out (from Medina) along with Allah's Apostle five days before the end of Dhul-Qa'da with the intention of performing Hajj only. When we approached Mecca, Allah's Apostle ordered those who had no Hadi along with them to finish the lhram after performing Tawaf of the Ka'ba, (Safa and Marwa). 'Aisha added, "Beef was brought to us on the Day of Nahr and I said, 'What is this?' Somebody said, ''''The Prophet has slaughtered (cows) on behalf of his wives.' "'''}}

{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 113, No. 1754}}|Now then, O people, you have a right over your wives and they have a right over you. You have [the right] that they should not cause anyone of whom you dislike to tread on your beds; and that they should not commit any open indecency. If they do, then Allah permits you to shut them in separate rooms and to beat them, but not severely. If they abstain from [evil], they have the right to their food and clothing in accordance with the custom. Treat women well, '''for they are [like] domestic animals with you and do not possess anything for themselves.''' You have taken them only as a trust from Allah, and you have made the enjoyment of their persons lawful by the word of Allah, so understand and listen to my words, O people. I have conveyed the Message, and have left you with something which, if you hold fast to it, you will never go astray; that is, the Book of Allah and the sunnah of his Prophet. Listen to my words, O people, for I have conveyed the Message and understand [it]. Know for certain that every Muslim is a brother of another Muslim, and that all Muslims are brethren. It is not lawful for a person [to take] from his brother except that which he has given him willingly, so do not wrong yourselves. O Allah, have I not conveyed the message?}}

that the Prophet said: “'''When anyone of you gets a new wife, a servant, or an animal, let him take hold of the forelock and say''': Allahumma inni as`aluka min khayriha wa khayri ma jubilat 'alaihi, wa 'audhu bika min sharriha wa sharri ma jubilat `alaih (O Allah, I ask You for the goodness within her and the goodness that she is inclined towards, and '''I seek refuge with you from the evil to which she is inclined''').' ” (Hasan)}}

{{Quote|‘Izz ad-Din b. ‘Abd as‑Salam, Qawa’id al-Ahkam fi Masalih al‑Anam (Damascus: Dar al-Tabba, 1992); cited in Izzi Dien, 146.|The unbeliever who prohibits the slaughtering of an animal [for no reason but] to achieve the interest of the animal is incorrect because in so doing he gives preference to a lower, khasis, animal over a higher, ''nafis'', animal.}}

{{Quote|Mawil Izzi Dien, The Environmental Dimensions of Islam (Cambridge, England: Lutterworth, 2000), 146.|According to Islamic Law there are no grounds upon which one can argue that animals should not be killed for food. The Islamic legal opinion on this issue is based on clear Qur’anic verses. Muslims are not only prohibited from eating certain food, but also may not choose to prohibit themselves food that is allowed by Islam. Accordingly vegetarianism is not permitted unless on grounds such as unavailability or medical necessity. Vegetarianism is not allowed under the pretext of giving priority to the interest of animals because such decisions are God’s prerogative.}}

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/69777|2=2011-07-10}} Prohibition on keeping dogs except those exempted by sharee’ah]<BR>Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 69777|2=Firstly:  

The correct view is that it is permissible to keep a dog to guard the house, because if it is permissible to keep a dog in order to benefit from it, as in the case of hunting, it is more appropriate that one be allowed to keep a dog in order to ward off harm and protect oneself.}}

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/13821/Mischief|2=2011-07-10}} Killing salamanders by hand]<BR>Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 13821|2=Killing salamanders is prescribed because there is a great deal of evidence to that effect. It should be done with a tool or implement, etc. There is nothing in the reports to specify that they should be killed by hand or to encourage killing them by hand. I do not think that this is correct and there is no report to this effect. That is alien to Islamic teaching and good characteristics.  

(Sunan Ibn Maajah, 3222. He said in al-Zawaa’id, the isnaad of ‘Aa’ishah’s hadeeth is saheeh, its men are thiqaat (trustworthy) }}

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/121231/animals|2=2011-07-10}} What is the ruling on wearing masks or costumes in the shape of animals at children’s parties?]<BR>Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 121231|2=Many scholars have granted concessions with regard to children’s toys, even if they are in the shape of an animate being, because of the report narrated by Abu Dawood (4932) from ‘Aa’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) who said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) came back from the campaign to Tabook or Khaybar and there was a curtain over her niche. The wind lifted the edge of the curtain and uncovered ‘Aa’ishah’s toy dolls. He said: “What is this, O ‘Aa’ishah?” She said: My dolls. He saw among them a horse with two wings made of cloth and he said: “What is this that I see in the midst of them?” She said: A horse. He said: “What is this that I see on it?” I said: Two wings. He said: “A horse with wings?” She said: Have you not heard that Sulaymaan had horses with wings? She said: And the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) smiled so broadly that I saw his eyeteeth.  

Thus it is clear that there is no concession with regard to what you have mentioned about wearing a costume in the form of a human or animal, even if the aim is to take part in a program for children so that they can have fun. }}

{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url= http://islamqa.info/en/ref/377|title= Ruling on having a dog|publisher= Islam Q&A|author= Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid|series= Fatwa No. 377|date= |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fislamqa.info%2Fen%2Fref%2F377&date=2013-07-07|deadurl=no}}|

Keeping dogs nowadays is the habit of the kuffaar, who adopt them as friends, kiss them, let them lick them and their clothes, sleep with them and even leave them money in their wills. Keeping a dog is an imitation of the kuffaar. Some Muslims may claim that they need to keep a dog at home for purposes of protection, to which we respond that nowadays there are burglar alarm systems and other measures one may take for security purposes, and there is no need to keep a dog, praise be to Allaah.}}

{{Quote|Chapter 29, {{cite web|url=http://bewley.virtualave.net/Rissac.html |title=The Risala of 'Abdullah ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani (922-996): A Treatise on Maliki Fiqh  |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20160813135329/http://bewley.virtualave.net/Rissac.html |deadurl=no}}|'''29.8 The 'Aqiqa'''

==See Also==