الفرق بين المراجعتين لصفحة: «القرآن والحديث والعلماء: الجزية»

ال<big>جزية هي ضريبة الحماية التي يجب أن يدفعها الشعب المحتل في الذمة ، وتمثل الحماية من الجهاد والخضوع للذمة. الجزية (وما يرتبط بها من ضريبة الأرض الخراج) هي دفعة للدولة المسلمة مقابل وقف حالة الجهاد على الأشخاص المحميين. أن يكون ذلك إذلال للذمي ولكن أيضًا حماية ؛ تاريخياً ، كان الذميون في الأراضي الإسلامية مطالبين بموجب القانون بالحفاظ على إيصال دفع الجزية على شخصهم أثناء السفر. يحدد القرآن أن الذمي يدفع الضريبة أثناء "الإذلال" (صاغرين) ، والذي فسره العلماء في جملة أمور على أنه يقتضي أن يتعرض الذمي لضربات في جسده ورقبته أثناء دفع الضريبة . تاريخيًا ، شجع ضغط الجزية على أهل الذمة على التحول الجماعي إلى الإسلام للهروب منه ، وهو إلى حد كبير كيف أصبحت الدول الإسلامية بها أغلبية مسلمة.</big>

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|29}}|Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, '''until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.'''}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|53|388}}|Narrated Juwairiya bin Qudama At-Tamimi: We said to 'Umar bin Al-Khattab, O Chief of the believers! Advise us." He said, "I advise you to fulfill Allah's Convention (made with the Dhimmis) as it is the convention of your Prophet and the source of the livelihood of your dependents (i.e. the taxes from the Dhimmis.)."}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|53|404}}|Narrated Ali: We did not, write anything from the Prophet except the Quran and what is written in this paper, (wherein) the Prophet said, "Medina is a sanctuary from (the mountain of) Air to so and-so, therefore, whoever innovates (in it) an heresy or commits a sin, or gives shelter to such an innovator, will incur the Curse of Allah. the angels and all the people; and none of his compulsory or optional good deeds of worship will be accepted And the asylum granted by any Muslim Is to be secured by all the Muslims even if it is granted by one of the lowest social status among them. And whoever betrays a Muslim in this respect will incur the Curse of Allah, the angels and all the people, and his compulsory and optional good deeds of worship will not be accepted. And any freed slave will take as masters (befriends) people other than his own real masters who freed him without taking the permission of the latter, will incur the Curse of Allah, the angels and all the people, and his compulsory and optional good deeds of worship will not be accepted."<BR>Narrated Said: Abu Huraira once said (to the people), "What will your state be when you can get no Dinar or Dirhan (i.e. taxes from the Dhimmis)?" on that someone asked him, "What makes you know that this state will take place, O Abu- Hu raira?" He said, "By Him in Whose Hands Abu Huraira's life is, I know it through the statement of the true and truly inspired one (i.e. the Prophet)." The people asked, "What does the Statement say?" He replied, "Allah and His Apostle's asylum granted to Dhimmis, i.e. non-Muslims living in a Muslim territory) will be outraged, and so Allah will make the hearts of these Dhimmis so daring that they will refuse to pay the Jizya they will be supposed to pay."}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|287}}|Abu Huraira reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: By Him in Whose hand is my life, the son of Mary (may peace be upon him) will soon descend among you as a just judge. He will break crosses, kill swine and abolish Jizya and the wealth will pour forth to such an extent that no one will accept it.|See also: {{Muslim|1|289 }}}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|42|7065}}|'Amr b. 'Auf, who was an ally of Banu 'Amir b. Luwayy (and he was one amongst them) who participated in Badr along with Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him). reported that, Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sent Abu Ubaida b. Jarrah to Bahrain for collecting Jizya and Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had made a truce with the people of Bahrain and had appointed 'Ala' b. Hadrami and Abu Ubaida (for this purpose). They came with wealth from Bahrain and the Ansar beard about the arrival of Abu Ubaida and they had observed the dawn prayer along with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), and when Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had finished the prayer they (the Ansar) came before him and Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) smiled as he saw them and then said: I think you have heard about the arrival of Abu Ubaida with goods from Bahrain. They said: Allah's Messenger. yes, it is so. Thereupon he said: Be happy and be hopeful of that what gives you delight. By Allah, it is not the poverty about which I fear in regard to you but I am afraid in your case that (the worldly) riches way be given to you as were given to those who had gone before you and you begin to vie with one another for them as they vied for them. and these may destroy you as these destroyed them.}}

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|19|2955}}|Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: A son of Adi ibn Adi al-Kindi said that Umar ibn AbdulAziz wrote (to his governors): If anyone asks about the places where spoils (fay') should be spent, that should be done in accordance with the decision made by Umar ibn al-Khattab (Allah be pleased with him). The believers considered him to be just, according to the saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him): Allah has placed truth upon Umar's tongue and heart. He fixed stipends for Muslims, and provided protection for the people of other religions by levying jizyah (poll-tax) on them, deducting no fifth from it, nor taking it as booty.}}

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|37|4310}}|Narrated AbuHurayrah: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: There is no prophet between me and him, that is, Jesus (peace be upon him). He will descent (to the earth). When you see him, recognise him: a man of medium height, reddish fair, wearing two light yellow garments, looking as if drops were falling down from his head though it will not be wet. He will fight the people for the cause of Islam. He will break the cross, kill swine, and abolish jizyah. Allah will perish all religions except Islam. He will destroy the Antichrist and will live on the earth for forty years and then he will die. The Muslims will pray over him.}}

{{Quote|{{Muwatta|17|24|42|}}|Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab said, "I have heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, took jizya from the magians of Bahrain, that Umar ibn al-Khattab took it from the magians of Persia and that Uthman ibn Affan took it from the Berbers."}}

{{Quote|{{Muwatta|17|24|46|}}|    Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz wrote to his governors telling them to relieve any people who payed the jizya from paying the jizya if they became muslims.<BR>Malik said, "The sunna is that there is no jizya due from women or children of people of the Book, and that jizya is only taken from men who have reached puberty. The people of dhimma and the magians do not have to pay any zakat on their palms or their vines or their crops or their livestock. This is because zakat is imposed on the muslims to purify them and to be given back to their poor, whereas jizya is imposed on the people of the Book to humble them. As long as they are in the country they have agreed to live in, they do not have to pay anything on their property except the jizya. If, however, they trade in muslim countries, coming and going in them, a tenth is taken from what they invest in such trade. This is because jizya is only imposed on them on conditions, which they have agreed on, namely that they will remain in their own countries, and that war will be waged for them on any enemy of theirs, and that if they then leave that land to go anywhere else to do business they will haveto pay a tenth. Whoever among them does business with the people of Egypt, and then goes to Syria, and then does business with the people of Syria and then goes to Iraq and does business with them and then goes on to Madina, or Yemen, or other similar places, has to pay a tenth.<BR>People of the Book and magians do not have to pay any zakat on any of their property, livestock, produce or crops. The sunna still continues like that. They remain in the deen they were in, and they continue to do what they used to do. If in any one year they frequently come and go in muslim countries then they have to pay a tenth every time they do so, since that is outside what they have agreed upon, and not one of the conditions stipulated for them. This is what I have seen the people of knowledge of our city doing."}}

{{Quote|Ibn Kathir. ''Al Sira Al Nabawiyya (The Life Of The Prophet Muhamamd)''. "The Year 9 AH" vol. IV p. 1. Translated by Trevor Le Gassick. Garnet Publishing (Reading, UK). 2000.|It is related from Ibn 'Abbas, Mujahid, Iqkrima, Sa'id b. ]ubayr, Qatada, al-Dahhak and others that when God Almighty decreed that the polytheists should be prevented from approaching the Sacred Mosque, whether in the pilgrimage or at other times, that Quraysh said they would be deprived of the commercial activity that took place during the pilgrimage, and that they would therefore suffer financial loss. And so God compensated them for that by ordering them to battle the people of the scriptures so that they either accepted Islam or paid the jizya tax ''an yadin'', "being in a state of submission".}}

{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=87}}

{{Quote|Jami 'al-Bayan, Vol. 10, pp. 125-126|[lowering themselves] by walking on their hands, reluctantly; on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas-but this is not accepted by everyone.<ref>Tabari, Jami 'al-Bayan, ed. M. Shiikir (Beirut, 142112001), vol. 10. pp. 125, 126.</ref>}}

{{Quote|Sufi saint Ahmad Sirhindi (1564-1624), letter No. 163|The honour of Islam lies in insulting kufr and kafirs.

{{Quote|Al-Nawawi (Translated by E.C. Howard) (2005). ''Minhaj at talibin: a manual of Muhammadan law''. Adam Publishers. pp. 337–8. ISBN 978-81-7435-249-1|Our school (Shafi'i) insists upon the payment of the poll-tax by sickly persons, old men, even if decrepit, blind men, monks, workmen, and poor persons incapable of exercising a trade.<ref>These categories of non-Muslims are exempted from paying jizya according to other Sunni schools of thought.</ref> As for people who seem to be insolvent at the end of the year, the sum of the poll tax remained as debt to their account until they should become solvent."}}

{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url= http://englishtafsir.com/Quran/9/index.html#sdfootnote29sym|title= Tafhim al-Qur'an (The Meaning of the Qur'an)|publisher= Kazi Publications|author= Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, A. A. Kamal (Ed.)|date= 1991|series= Surah At Taubah (footnote No. 28)|isbn=9781567441345|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fenglishtafsir.com%2FQuran%2F9%2Findex.html%23sdfootnote29sym&date=2014-03-10|deadurl=no}}|"...(Fight with them) until they pay Jizyah with their own hands and are humbled."

As regards the question, "What do the non-Muslims get in return for Jizyah " it may suffice to say that it is the price of the freedom which the Islamic State allows them in following their erroneous ways, while living in the jurisdiction of Islam and enjoying its protection. The money thus collected is spent in maintaining the righteous administration that gives them the freedom and protects their rights. This also serves as a yearly reminder to them that they have been deprived of the honor of paying Zakat in the Way of Allah, and forced to pay jizyah instead as a price of following the ways of error. }}

{{Quote||Thou hast to accept Islam, or pay the tax, and obey God and His Messenger and the messengers of His Messenger, and do them honor and dress them in fine clothing, not in the raiment of raiders…for if you satisfy my envoys you will satisfy me. Surely the tax is known to you. Therefore if you wish to be secure on land and on sea, obey God and His Messenger…But be careful lest thou do not satisfy…for then I shall not accept anything from you, but I shall fight you and take the young as captives and slay the elderly…Come then, before a calamity befalls you...<ref>Gil, Moshe. A History of Palestine: 634-1099, Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 28.</ref>}}

{{Quote| ''Al-Kafi'', vol. 8, p. 227; ''Ithbat al-Hudah'', vol. 3, p. 450; Mir’ah al-Uqul, vol. 26, p. 160; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 52, p. 375|Imam al-Baqir said: “During the uprising of Hadrat al-Qa’im (the Mahdi), he will present the faith to each of the Nasibis (Muslim enemies of Shias). If they accept the truth, he would release them. He will behead anyone who would not accept the faith, or ask him to pay the jizyah just as what they collect from the Ahl adh-Dhimmah, and he will banish him in remote villages and small towns.”}}

==See Also==